Literature Review on Contractual Issues Arising Claims

Writing Review on Contractual Issues Arising Claims Staying away from development claims and debates requires comprehension of the legally binding terms, early no antagonistic correspondence, and comprehension of reasons for claims.(Cheryl Semple, Francis T. Hartman, and George Jergeas) recognize a portion of the basic component in development contract, and examines the reasons for claims, classifications of pay of cases and agreement conditions cited in claims by concentrating skyscraper high rise and institutional structures. Development contract decides the reason for the connection between the gatherings associated with it. An agreement is a guarantee or understanding that the law will implement. Development contract are all the time long, complex record, thus, difference or debates can emerge with respect to legally binding commitments or desires, when one gathering feels that the authoritative commitments or desires have not been meet and they fell that they merit financial as well as time remuneration they may present a case. A case is characterized as an assertation to one side to cure, alleviation or property (Canadian Law Directory) Right now development industry in UAE has number of questions shows up in light of contested in authoritative report and poor coordination all in all and specific state of agreement. UAE is quickly developing nation regarding development and bunches of rivalry for getting the venture on account of that temporary workers are offering less and guaranteeing more sums. A customer attempts to diminish the over completely cost of task and contractual workers attempts to get more benefit and result is debates emerge. Each guarantee put together by the contractual worker puts presser on customer and therefore it influence expanding property cost. That is the reason development guarantee are considered as the most horrendous occasion in development industry. Cases can be decreased by appropriate course of action of extent of work in contract report. Agreement is the archive which clarifies all rolls and liabilities of the gatherings associated with it. With the end goal of study for investiga ting authoritative issues writing audit is isolated in two sections. Initial segment will talk about on Contract law when all is said in done and specific terms utilized in development of development contract. Second section will talk about on Claims under FIDIC contract and past examination in claims. 1 Introduction to contract law 1.1 Legal frameworks A lawful framework, is a framework for recognizing authentic circumstances where the state will force authorizes on an individual (criminal law), where one individual can look for change from someone else (common law), and where an individual can challenge choices of the state and open bodies, for example, neighborhood specialists (authoritative law)1. For instance: If somebody takes property having a place with another with the aim of for all time denying them of that property, this is arranged by the criminal law as a wrongdoing (burglary) for which the state can look for a request for detainment, a fine or both. A similar direct is arranged by the common law as a tort (known as transformation) for which the individual whose property is taken can look for a request requiring the individual taking the property to return it, to pay (harms), or both. On the off chance that the property is taken by the state or an open body in illegitimate exercise of a legal or other force, the choice to do so can be tested in authoritative law by looking for an announcement that it is invalid and ought to be reevaluated. 1.2 Criminal, common and regulatory law The criminal law is mainly worried about the burden of fines and detainment looked for by the state against people. The common law is worried about granting remuneration and making orders for one individual against another. Regulatory law is essentially worried about making orders concerning the managerial activities of the state and open bodies. 1.3 Obtaining change The typical methods for acquiring review is in a courtroom. The criminal courts, basically the Magistrates Courts and the Crown Court, are worried about change in regard of criminal issues .The common courts, fundamentally the County Courts and the High Court, are worried about review with respect to common cases. In numerous nations, a different court is set up to manage claims concerning the managerial activities of the state and open bodies, however this isn't the situation in all over, where authoritative law matters are managed by the High Court. The courts are not by any means the only methods for acquiring review in numerous common issues. 1.4 The common law of commitments Every one of the foremost divisions of law criminal law, common law and authoritative law contains various developments. The region that is applicable to this distribution, and to the arrangement of which it shapes part, is that piece of the common law worried about the law of commitments. 1.5 Obligations in agreement and tort The law of commitments has, thus, two sections: the law of agreement and the law of torts. In the law of agreement, a people commitments are basically established on understanding and are, as a rule, owed uniquely to the next gathering to the understanding, not to people by and large. Since commitments owed in contract are established on understanding, they can be as prescriptive and nitty gritty as the gatherings wish and their understanding requires. For instance, concurred commitments can concern the improvement of an office obstruct as per definite prerequisites, or the organizing of a drawn out business relationship, for example, an organization. It is difficult to manage such connections utilizing just the law of torts, since commitments in tort are excessively summed up. In the law of torts, a people commitments are principally controlled by general standards of law and are, usually, owed to people for the most part. Since commitments owed in tort are forced as a major aspect of the general law, they are communicated as general norms of direct. For instance: the commitment to practice sensible ability and care so as not to make injury or harm others shapes the premise of the tort of carelessness; the commitment not to preposterously meddle with a people use or delight in their property frames the premise of the tort of aggravation. The two pieces of the law of commitments are huge for the development business. Work on a structure venture, for example, the arrangement of advisor administrations, development or materials, will usually be completed under an agreement since this is the main way that commitments having the necessary definition and accuracy can be given lawful power. In any case, the work gave may, if imperfect, cause harm not exclusively to the individual with whom those commitments are concurred yet to other people, for example, nearby landowners, clients and resulting proprietors of the undertaking. While the individual or people with whom the agreement is made will, normally, have the option to look for review in the law of agreement, the individuals who are not gatherings to that agreement should look for change in the law of torts. The law of agreement is of key significance for the development business in light of the fact that the agreement is the main vehicle for those taking a shot at a task to be locked in, their commitments are directed and review surveyed if things turn out badly. The law of torts has an auxiliary significance if things do turn out badly. 1.6 Rights and commitments The law is frequently examined as far as commitments, there is, by and large, for every commitment a relating right .Thus, a commitment not to nonsensically meddle with a people use or happiness regarding area can be seen, from the point of view of a landowner, as an option to appreciate and utilize their territory liberated from such outlandish obstruction. A commitment to play out the particulars of an understanding can be seen from the different partys point of view as an option to have those commitments performed. In contract law, these rights and commitments are frequently alluded to as the advantages and weights of the agreement. 1.7 Defining an agreement There are different definitions that endeavor to typify the basic idea of an agreement. The definition that is most promptly reasonable in a business setting is that an agreement is an understanding that offers ascend to commitments, and relating rights, that the law will perceive and authorize. Since an agreement is established on understanding, the gatherings are free, inside wide cutoff points, to concur the commitments to which they wish to be bound. This is known as the regulation of opportunity of agreement. That is to say, at any rate in a business setting, that the gatherings to an agreement will usually be limited by the understanding they make, anyway improper, uneven or even ruinous that understanding may end up being for one of them. The result of the teaching of opportunity of agreement is that an individual can't be compelled to contract. In a business setting this implies, if terms can't be concurred, either gathering to the exchanges can leave, anyway badly designed or expensive, as far as sat around and cash, this is for the other party. It might be conceivable to split off arrangements and leave regardless of whether work has initiated fully expecting a proposed agreement. When an agreement is closed, it ties the gatherings in law. In the event that involved with an agreement neglects to consent to its commitments under the agreement, the other can look for change for that disappointment. This should be possible, as fitting, by upholding a privilege to installment (a case owing debtors), by looking for budgetary remuneration for misfortunes endured because of the disappointment (a case in harms for break of agreement) or, in specific conditions where monetary pay doesn't give sufficient review, by a request that the defaulting party play out its commitments (a case for explicit execution) or quit acting in penetrate of its commitments (an order). For instance, if a specialist neglects to perform administrations the person in question has contracted to give, the customer can look for harms dependent on the extra expense of acquiring substitute execution from another expert. In the event that a business neglects to pay for work gave by an agreement

The Political Economy of the European Union Essay

The Political Economy of the European Union - Essay Example Japan specifically has made troubling circumstance for European economy and exchange, this Asian nation has impacted in fiscal and innovation areas (Wayne, 1992). It is basic for the European government and market to understand that it needs to re-structure its political and monetary arrangements, the association needs to build an intelligent political nearness on the worldwide stage so as to accomplish the most appealing convenience to the new request (Wayne, 1992). The association will understand that American economy has been in part ready to continue the suggestions brought about by Chinese and Japanese market, anyway the political impact of the nation bolstered by its stakes in arrangement making organizations kept the imperative premiums of the nation secured and flawless. The European Union needs to take genuine endeavors to improve its political position, and needs to take political impact driven direction to arrive at a state of impact and strength, to rule in this universe of rivalry and difficulties (Ben, 2000). The significant choices throughout the entire existence of the association have been impacted by liberal between governmentalist, who created two-phase approach. The underlying methodology endless supply of essential inclinations dependent on imperatives and openings forced by financial reliance (Andrew, 1993). The last methodology depends on the outcomes accomplished through intergovernmental arrangements, such accomplishments were dictated by the relative bartering intensity of governments and the capacity motivations for standardization made by high exchange costs and the longing to control local plans (Andrew, 1993). The agrarian approach of the association depends on the aggregate monetary interests of the makers, the exchange arrangement is likewise decided dependent on such interests. The arrangements of such wants and inclinations depict as far as possible on the legislatures, the restrictions of bargain is likewise decided through such act. The association has received the m onetary strategies like the arrangements rehearsed by other worldwide gatherings; the association has chosen to improve the productivity of haggling through usage of cost diminishing guidelines. The main distinction between the association and staying universal affiliations is that the association has agent and pool sway (Andrew, 1993), with the end goal that the significant choices about linkage out of the hands of national governments (Andrew, 1993) are taken quickly. The association has chosen to center upon potential advantages from co-activity, and overlook the local political hazard. The association has created two-level game, such structure is answerable for the ascent in the activities and impact of national government by giving authenticity and residential plan setting power for the activities (Andrew, 1993). The idea of liberal between governmentalism has changed the association into model of legislative issues, which prompts the detail regarding process combination (Desmo d, 2006). The European Union takes a shot at joint-choice mode, all the major financial choices attempted by the association needs vital assent of significant gatherings, if not all. The method of activity, where choices are taken after joint endorsement which is coordination of intergovernmental

Illinois Commitment

Illinois Commitment Note: To view the most up-to-date details and requirements for this program, visit our Illinois Commitment webpage. I am so excited that we finally get to share the news â€" Illinois Commitment is here! What is Illinois Commitment? Illinois Commitment is a new financial aid program guaranteed to cover tuition and fees for Illinois residents whose family makes at or below the median income for the state ($61,000) with assets less than $50,000 (not including home value, qualified retirement accounts, and family farms) who enroll as either new freshman or new transfers beginning in the Fall 2019 semester. Yes, were this excited for a reason! Some of the best and brightest students in the state of Illinois assume that Illinois is out of their reach financially. Some don’t even consider applying. We want all high-achieving students across the state to be able to attend Illinois, regardless of family income. It is also our intent to keep the cost of tuition and fees for in-state residents constant for an unprecedented fifth straight year (pending Board approval). Our hope is that by investing in our financial aid programs and maintaining our costs that the University of Illinois will be a more affordable option for many students. How does it work?There is no separate application for Illinois Commitment. Illinois Commitment is a financial aid program. This means that students only need to complete their application to Illinois and the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) in order to be eligible. Illinois Commitment will cover tuition and campus fees for new freshmen for up to four (4) years, eight (8) semesters of continuous enrollment, and tuition and campus fees for up to three (3) years, six (6) semesters of continuous enrollment for new transfer students. This includes programs with higher tuition such as engineering, business, and many STEM programs. Program ImpactSetting the threshold of Illinois Commitment at the median income means that 50% of families in Illinois will qualify for this new program. We estimate that approximately 1,800-2,000 new freshman and new transfer students each year will be Illinois Commitment eligibleâ€"approximately 33% of the incoming class. After four years we expect that there will be 7,200-8,000 undergraduate students benefiting from the program. Figure 1. State of Illinois Income Distribution with Cumulative Income Percentile, Source: American Community Survey There is no program cap or limit in the number of students the program will help. We will continue to make “need-blind” admission decisions. Illinois Commitment will further diversify the socioeconomic makeup of the Illini alumni network and positively impact Illinois communities, families, and professional environments for years to come. We firmly believe that diversity of student experiences enriches the classroom and our campus. What about families above $61K?Available financial aid does not cut off at $61K. Students who not eligible for Illinois Commitment will still be considered for other types of financial aid and scholarships. We are currently working with the state legislators to create a new merit-based AIM High Scholarship program. The state of Illinois approved $25 million for this current year’s state budget to direct to merit scholarships for Illinois residents. The details of AIM High are still being finalized and will be added to financial aid packages in March. You will also be automatically considered for all university or donor funded scholarships. We’ve put together a fairly comprehensive FAQ page to cover other questions that are relevant to the new program. As the flagship and land grant university for the state of Illinois, it is our mission to enhance the lives of our states citizens. Our primary focus continues to be enrolling Illinois residents. Each year, we strive to enroll at least one student from each of 102 counties in Illinois. We will continue to enroll non-resident and international students to help challenge our resident students in the classroom and to improve the undergraduate experience for everyone. We hope to see our undergraduate student population continue to diversify. Illinois Commitment is a game changer for us. We hope that every college-bound student in the state will have Illinois on his or her short list of applications. Illinois Commitment demonstrates the university’s dedication to access and affordability by removing a significant financial barrier for Illinois residents from low- to middle-income homes so they too may receive a world-class education.Andy Director, Undergraduate Admissions My responsibility is to recruit, admit, and enroll new freshmen and new transfer students to the university. I earned my BS from Buena Vista University, an MBA from St. Ambrose University, and a PhD in Higher Education and Student Affairs from the University of Iowa. Illinois Commitment Note: To view the most up-to-date details and requirements for this program, visit our Illinois Commitment webpage. For students from families without a ton of financial resources, planning for college can involve lots of uncertainty. Finding a school that is affordable is sometimes the difference between going to college and not pursuing higher education at all. So, how does The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, a land-grant public university committed to serving the people of Illinois, make tuition affordable for as many students as possible? Enter: Illinois Commitment. On August 27, Illinois announced an exciting new financial aid program with the following slogan: Four Years. Free Tuition. Thats #IllinoisCommitment. In the past, Illinois has offered fairly generous aid to students without much in the way of financial resources, but we have never seen a program quite like this before. Illinois Commitment provides scholarships and grants to cover the cost of tuition as long as the student meets the following requirements: Youre an Illinois resident (parents listed on the FAFSA are also Illinois residents) Your family income is $61,000 or less Your familys assets are less than $50,000 Youre admitted as a new freshman or transfer student Youre under the age of 24 For more information about the specifics of these requirements, there is information available on the Admissions website. Going to college is a big deal because what you choose to do in your late teens and early twenties is a big deal. I recently listened to a TED talk called “Why 30 is not the new 20” by Meg Jay. Her key message can be summed up in this quote: “Claiming your 20s is one of the simplest, yet most transformative, things you can do for work, for love, for your happiness, maybe even for the world … We know that the brain caps off its second and last growth spurt in your 20s as it rewires itself for adulthood, which means that whatever it is you want to change about yourself, now is the time to change it.” And, “change it” you will as you enter college. I already experience the world in a completely different way than I did before coming to college, and I have only been here for a little over a year. If Illinois Commitment is the difference between a student attending college and not attending college, then Illinois Commitment is a big deal. In my experience, college will change your life for the better. I am so glad that Illinois Commitment exists because it gives students without a ton of resources the chance to get a world-class education.Zoe Class of 2021 I am from Rock Island, Illinois, which is right on the Illinois-Iowa border. I am a dual-degree student studying Acting in the College of Fine and Applied Arts and Advertising in the College of Media. I am also a James Scholar and a Chancellor's Scholar.

The Effects Of Homelessness On The City - 2802 Words

Introduction As the winter approaches we are forced to remember the severity of homelessness in the City. As of 2014, based on data provided by the Coalition for the Homeless, there are 59,246 people sleeping in shelters. It costs the City $3,500 a month to house a homeless person, adding up to $856 million a year. There are thousands more who sleep on the streets, but due to lack of data we are not sure of the exact number. Shelters only provide a temporary solution; on average a person is allowed to stay in a shelter for a maximum of 180 days. How can that individual/family regain their â€Å"self-sufficiency† in a city where the rent is amongst the highest in the country, and affordable housing is limited. Nearly half of all New York City residents pay more than 30 percent of their income on housing. Median rents have risen 75 percent since 2000, at the same time, that median incomes have declined, and between 1994 and 2012, the city lost 105,242 of rent regulated housing. To address this problem, and restore these people sense of citizenship, we need a citywide reform of the housing system. Since housing conditions vary significantly from state to state, it is important for state and localities to develop their own housing strategies. The two basic components that affect housing in New york, which need to be addressed to reform the affordable housing system are 1) many families have incomes that are too low to afford the costs to maintain a home 2) constraints on theShow MoreRelatedHomeless Population Of New South Wales1444 Words   |  6 PagesOverview â€Å"In a country as prosperous as Australia, no one should have to be homeless.† - The Road Home, 2008 Homelessness is a complex problem and not simply a lack of housing. It has numerous causes that affect different groups differently. In Australia, there are approximately 105000 people experiencing homelessness reported in the 2011 census. This equates to one in every two hundred people. 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Invisible Man Essay Shedding Fear - 961 Words

Shedding Fear in Invisible Man Invisible Man, by Ralph Ellison explores the issues of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness through the protagonist; Invisible Man. Invisible Man is not giving a name. Ellison explores how unalienable rights cannot be obtained without freedom from the obstacles in life - especially from ones own fears. Several major characters affect the protagonist. One of the major characters is Dr. Bledsoe, who is the president of the school. Dr. Bledsoe had a major effect on the main character, because the Protagonist idolizes him. He was every thing that I hope to be, (Ellison 99), but the Dr. Bledsoe degrades him when we says Why, the dumbest black bastard in the cotton patch knows†¦show more content†¦So, the Protagonist convinces himself that the Dr. Bledsoe and the school is right and goes to New York. The second encounter, in which the Protagonist reveals his fear and not being accepted, is in the Battle Royal. The Battle Royal is a boxing match involving nine other African American boys who have to fight until the last man is standing. The protagonist endures this degrading act as ploy, so that he can be able to read his speech, in the hope of impressing the elite white men of the town. The Protagonist fear of not being looked upon as an uneducated cause him to be the subj ect of a brutal beating, which knocks him out and torturous electrical shocking. In addition, the Protagonist fear of not being acceptance is his denial of being a Negro. The Protagonist encounter with Dr. Bledsoe exemplifies his denial. The Protagonist looks up to Dr. Bledsoe as a model of what he wants to be. However, when Dr. Bledsoe called the Protagonist aneducated fool (Ellison 140) and an Nigger; the Protagonist ignores it because of his denial of being a Nigger, but under normal circumstances a person would get angry and upset. Dr. Bledsoe name is also a play on word, because when he calls the Protagonist a Nigger, he bleeds his people so. Dr. Bledsoe bleeding of the Protagonist shows his disregard for his own people. The Protagonist fears of not being accepted is also evident whenShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Analysis6093 Words   |  25 PagesDescriptive Analyses of the Essays and Short Stories Narration and Description THE STRATEGIES Although the narrative and descriptive essays are often given as separate assignments in composition courses, they are combined in this first section so that teachers can present expressive writing and still reserve time for the many forms of informative and argumentative writing. This choice is tricky because it confirms the folk wisdom about expressive writing and rhetorical difficulty. According toRead More Atheism as a historical philosophy and its relevance in contemporary America4178 Words   |  17 Pagesin their moral character. 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And this was in the early 1970s—after Bob Marleys emergence as an international viii FOREWORD star, after Selassies arrival in Jamaica, and after so much had been written aboutRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesillustrated the meaning and use of words; the great majority of the examples are due to him. Their merit is that they are not translations from English, but natural Igbo sentences elicited only by the stimulus of the word they illustrate. The short essays which appear from time to time (e.g. under otà ¹tà ¹, à ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¤gbanÌ„je) on aspects of culture are also his work, as are the sketches which served as basis for the illustrations, a large number of new words, and various features of the arrangement. When he had

Essay on Star Wars Free Essays

string(103) " and training to become a Jedi Knight because he has no other options now that he has lost everything\." Essay on Star Wars â€Å"Aren’t you a little short for a storm trooper? † (Lucas New Hope 40). Rings a bell, doesn’t it? This is one of the many quotes and a memorable one from Princess Leia in George Lucas’s saga Star Wars. Lucas had created an all American myth and was the first to do it. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Star Wars or any similar topic only for you Order Now His movie saga used every archetype known to man and was inspired by the book The Hero with a Thousand Faces by Joseph Campbell. Campbell’s book also had every archetype known to man in it. It affected an innumerable amount of people around the world. Lucas’s Star Wars saga even went further than the big screen by inspiring comics, video games, toys, and other merchandise making Lucas a billionaire. His first three movies he made in the saga are New Hope, Empire Strikes Back, and Return of The Jedi. In this Star Wars trilogy, George Lucas illustrates that the hero must be wounded either physically or emotionally to be open to spiritual knowledge and transformation. Leia’s wounds open her to love, Luke’s wounds open him to becoming a Jedi Knight, and Anakin Skywalker’s wounds open him to redemption. These transformations are marked by physical and emotional wounds. In George Lucas’s Star Wars, Leia’s physical and emotional wounds open her up to love. First, Leia is wounded emotionally by the Death Star destroying her home planet of Alderaan. â€Å"A button is pressed which switches on a panel of lights. A hooded imperial soldier reaches overhead and pulls a lever. Another lever is pulled. Vader reaches for still another lever and a back of lights on a panel and wall light up. A huge beam of light emanates from within a cone-shaped area and converges into a single laser beam out toward Alderaan. The small green planet of Alderaan is blown into space dust† (Lucas New Hope 44). Princess Leia has been captured from the consoler’s ship and is being interrogated by General Tarkin. He is asking her about the whereabouts of the rebel base and if she doesn’t comply he will destroy her home planet of Alderaan. She finally decides to lie so her home planet will be spared except they thank her for her cooperation, throw her in the detention level, and destroy Alderaan anyway. Leia is wounded emotionally by this because that was her home planet the Empire just destroyed using the Death Star. That means her family and all her friends and loved ones were on Alderaan and they all got completely destroyed. Everything that was her past and childhood memories was just destroyed right before her eyes. Lucas included this wounding because it is a very strong one. Leia just basically lost everything in one quick moment. He uses it also to show her strength in being able to control her emotions. Next, Leia is wounded emotionally by watching Han get frozen in the carbon freezing chamber. â€Å"Tears roll down Leia’s face as she watches the dashing pirate walk to the hydraulic platform† (Lucas Empire Strikes Back 70). Darth Vader uses Han as a sort of test dummy to test the carbon-freezing chamber on. He is testing to see if it will keep the person inside alive because Vader plans to use it on Luke later on. It is also a trap to attract Luke to Cloud City so Vader can capture him. This shows that Leia’s heart is completely open to love because she tells Han she loves him and even gets emotional when he gets ready to be frozen. Han responds with â€Å"I know† (Lucas Empire Strikes Back 70) showing the love between the two and without a doubt proving that Leia is now balanced between head and heart. Lucas has Han get frozen in carbon to reveal Leia’s true emotions and show that her heart is finally open to love. She shows it by telling him she loves him and tearing up about it. It shows that she does care and truly does love Han. Last, Leia is wounded physically by becoming a slave to Jabba the Hut. â€Å"Threepio is standing behind the grotesque gangster as he strokes Leia like a pet cat. Several of the guards, including Lando bring Luke from the other side of the room. Boba is standing behind Jabba† (Lucas Return of the Jedi 18). After trying to rescue Han from Jabba’s palace, Leia gets captured by Jabba and he uses her as his personal slave. He keeps her by him held by a chain. By becoming a slave to Jabba it opens Leia’s heart to even more emotions of love because her lover, Han, rescues her. Lucas has Leia get captured because it will drive Han even more to rescue her. This proves his love for Leia because he risks his own life by protecting her. By the end of all of these experiences, Leia’s heart is completely open to love showing her full emotions. In George Lucas’s trilogy Star Wars, Luke’s wounds open him to becoming a Jedi Knight. First, Luke is wounded emotionally by having his known family killed. â€Å"Luke stumbles around in a daze looking for his aunt and uncle. Suddenly he comes upon their smoldering remains. He is stunned, and cannot speak. Hate replaces fear and a new resolve comes over him† (Lucas New Hope 19). Luke sees that the Imperial Troops have slaughtered the Jawas and then realized that they probably traced them back to Luke’s aunt and uncle’s house. He then speeds back to his house in his speeder and finds their remains and the remains of their dwelling. This greatly wounds Luke emotionally because the Empire has just destroyed his family and all he’s ever had and known. Uncle Owen and Aunt Beru was the only family he thought he had left so this just devastated him emotionally. His fear is replaced by hate for the Empire. This also helps him make his decision on following Obi-Wan and training to become a Jedi Knight because he has no other options now that he has lost everything. You read "Essay on Star Wars" in category "Essay examples" Lucas had Luke’s known family destroyed to place anger in him making him follow in his father’s footsteps unconsciously. It also helps him make the decision to travel with Obi-Wan and train to be a Jedi Knight because now there is nothing left for him on Tatooine. Next, Luke is wounded physically by having his right hand cut off by Darth Vader. â€Å"Luke glances at the instrument complex floating away. At that instant, Vader’s sword comes down across Luke’s right forearm, cutting off his hand and sending his sword flying. In great pain, Luke squeezes his forearm under his left armpit and moves back along the gantry to its extreme end. Vader follows. The wind subsides. Luke holds on. There is nowhere else to go† (Lucas Empire Strikes Back 77). Luke is in Cloud City fighting Darth Vader after he escapes his carbon-freezing trap. Vader finally beats him down and cuts off Luke’s right hand with his light saber. Luke is driven by anger and hate which in the end ultimately causes him to lose this battle. Vader cuts off Luke’s right hand. That is the hand in which he wields his light saber. This represents his power hand and now he has no power because he has lost his right hand. This weakens Luke greatly. During this wounding he has the epiphany that Darth Vader is Anakin Skywalker, his father. During this wounding he is wounded both physically and emotionally. Physically because he loses his hand and emotionally because he learns that this evil man is indeed his father. Lucas had Vader cut off Luke’s power hand showing now that Luke is weak and vulnerable. At this point Vader also tells Luke that he is his father because Luke cannot escape from the truth being physically wounded and defeated. Last, Luke is wounded emotionally by having his father die. â€Å"Darth Vader, Anakin Skywalker†¦Luke’s father, dies† (Lucas Empire Strikes Back 88). Luke is on the Death Star to defeat the Emperor but Darth Vader gets in his way and starts fighting with Luke instead. Luke keeps backing down saying, â€Å"I will not fight you, father† (Lucas Empire Strikes Back 81). Luke then finally beats down Vader and cuts his hand off, just like Vader had done to him. The Emperor walks over to Luke and asks him to join the Dark Side but Luke refuses so the Emperor starts to electrocute him with his hands showing no mercy. â€Å"Vader grabs the Emperor from behind, fighting for control of the robed figure despite the Dark Lord’s weakened body and gravely weakened arm. The Emperor struggles in his embrace, his bolt-shooting hands now lifted high, away from Luke. Now the white lightning arcs back to strike at Vader. He stumbles with his load as the sparks rain off his helmet and flow down over his black cape. He holds his evil master high over his head and walks to the edge of the abyss at the central core of the throne room. With one final burst of his once awesome strength, Darth Vader hurls the Emperor’s body into the bottomless shaft† (Lucas Return of the Jedi 86). This emotionally wounds Luke because he finally has feelings of love towards his father. His father, Anakin, just sacrificed himself for his son overcoming the evil within him letting his good side show. Luke feels sad and does not want to leave his father. His mother has already died so that was the last adult in his family and he finally felt that father to son connection. Sadly it only lasted a little bit because Anakin quickly dies. Lucas shows this as the final state of Luke becoming a true Jedi knight. This is shown by Luke saying, â€Å"Never! I’ll never turn to the dark side. You’ve failed, Your Highness. I am a Jedi, like my father before me† (Lucas Empire Strikes Back 84). In the trilogy Star Wars, by George Lucas, Anakin Skywalker’s wounds open him up to redemption. First, Anakin Skywalker gets emotionally wounded by the Sand People kill his mother. After the Sand People kill Shmi, Anakin’s mother, he goes on a rage and kills an entire village of Tusken people including women and children. He does this out of anger. Anakin’s mother Shmi gets captured by the Sand people. He then goes to free her and help her escape because of the love he has for his mother. As Anakin is walking her out of the village a Tusken raider shoots and kills Shmi. This puts Anakin in an outrage and he then massacres the entire village out of anger and hate with his light saber. This emotionally wounds Anakin greatly because the Sand people just killed his mother. Shmi was the woman he loved and cared about the most. He had always taken care of her and supported for her. Now that they just murdered her, it sent him on an unstoppable rage. Lucas has this happen to set Anakin on his course to becoming Darth Vader. All the hate and anger that came into him after this event turned him evil therefore setting him up for later redemption. Next, Anakin is physically wounded by falling into a burning lava pit. â€Å"Anakin’s clothing blows into the lava river and ignites. Suddenly Anakin bursts into flames and starts screaming† (Lucas Revenge of the Sith 89). Obi-Wan and Anakin are fighting on the volcanic planet of Mustafar. Obi-Wan cuts off Anakin’s arm and greatly wounds him sending him falling close to the lava river in which his clothes ignite and his body is badly burned almost to the point of death. This greatly wounds Anakin and sets him on his way to being the mechanical more-machine-than-human Darth Vader. After he lies injured for a while he is finally spotted by Darth Sidious and what is left of him is put in a medical capsule. They then turn him into Darth Vader by replacing his injured parts with robotic parts making him more machine than human. Last, Anakin is wounded physically by saving his son Luke. â€Å"Vader grabs the Emperor from behind, fighting for control of the robed figure despite the Dark Lord’s weakened body and gravely weakened arm. The Emperor struggles in his embrace, his bolt-shooting hands now lifted high, away from Luke. Now the white lightning arcs back to strike at Vader. He stumbles with his load as the sparks rain off his helmet and flow down over his black cape. He holds his evil master high over his head and walks to the edge of the abyss at the central core of the throne room. With one final burst of his once awesome strength, Darth Vader hurls the Emperor’s body into the bottomless shaft† (Lucas Return of the Jedi 86). Then, â€Å"Vader’s cape is whipped by the wind and he staggers, and collapses toward the bottomless hole. Luke crawls to his father’s side and pulls him away from the edge of the abyss to safety. Both the young Jedi and the giant warrior are too weak to move† (Lucas Return of the Jedi 86). In the Death Star, Anakin watches his son dying and then the good in him kicks in as Luke begs his father for help. Anakin steps in and sacrifices himself for his son. Anakin redeems himself here for all the evil he has done by sacrificing himself for the love of his son Luke. He just can’t bare it anymore to watch his son suffer so he acts on love and aves his son from the Emperor killing himself in the process. Lucas shows Anakin redeeming himself by sacrifice. He obtains redemption by giving into love and finding the good in him to save his son. In this Star Wars trilogy, George Lucas illustrates that the hero must be wounded either physically or emotionally to be open to spiritual knowledge and transformation. Leia’s wounds open her to love, Luke’s wounds open him to becoming a Jedi Knight, and Anakin Skywalker’s wounds open him to redemption. These transformations are marked by physical and emotional wounds. How to cite Essay on Star Wars, Essay examples

Challenges Management Global Teams-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Challenges Management Global Teams. Answer: Introduction Managing human resource of the global enterprises becomes a challenging task for the HR managers if they fail to consider some important factors related to the HR. Cultural difference is the common factor of a global team and hence, needs the knowledge regarding different cultural beliefs and languages for managing employees successfully. Further challenges include lack of face-to-face communication, setting up meetings with the global teams, evaluating performance and others(Tarique Schuler 2010). Hence, in this research proposal, the objective and scope of the research are going to be developed on the research topic that challenges management global teams. Moreover, the literature review will be summarised, research questions will be developed, methodologies will be selected, potential research limitations will be highlighted and a time schedule of the research will be developed. Project objective The key objectives of the project are: To recognise the challenges experienced by the global management teams across the world To develop novel global management strategies for eradicating the challenges faced by the global management teams and confirming the growth of the firm in the international market To organise the subcontract of innovation Project scope With the increasing rate of globalisation, companies have also become globalised and face significant issues in managing their global teams(Scullion Collings 2011). Therefore, the research involves identifying the ways of eliminating the challenges and managing the global teams effectively. It denotes a huge scope of the research in terms of helping the multinational companies to solve their HR management related issues. Literature review The management of human resource of the global companies faces a variety of challenges due to various reasons. First, the global companies face issues in managing the global teams due to domestic diversity, development of new technologies, globalisation, and deviations in the economy. Therefore, it has become necessary to incorporate necessary changes in the organisational procedure and practices to keep the company and its global teams updated and competitive within the changing business environment(Stone Deadrick 2015). Although, globalisation has provided the opportunity of business expansion to all the companies; however, it has increased the challenges of maintaining an effective communication with the international teams of employees(Meyer, Mudambi Narula 2011). The HR managers are responsible for bringing into line the contracts with the capabilities of the employees for making necessary changes in at subsidiary level. Otherwise, misalignment can affect the business deeds negatively(Friesl Silberzahn 2017). The globalisation has increased the difficulty of maintaining a good connection between the headquarters of the MNCs with their subsidiaries operating in host countries. The agency theory can be helpful in minimising the problems through the application of static bilateral, static multilateral and other aspects of the theory. It is often seen that the regional headquarters replace the regional management mandates(Hoenen Kostova 2015) Challenges related to the role of communally accountable-investment and mainstreaming micro finance are also significant in this context. Managing the local employees in an unproductive manner enhances the difficulty. The MNEs operate in different countries have employees, who come from the different cultural background. Hence, it increases the difficulty for the HR managers to develop such a strategy that can solve all the issues pertaining to language, beliefs, and political and social conditions(Allen, Lee Reiche 2015). Further, the MNEs also face issues in developing effective corporate social responsibility policies due to the difference in the social needs, and cultures of the hosting nations. In this context, the instrumental theory can provide the guideline to solve the issues and fulfil the CSR activities properly for enhancing organisational reputation(Lopez Fornes 2015). Not understanding the legal requirements of different countries can be a significant challenge for the MNEs, as it may affect the profitability of the firm negatively and thus, discourages the investors. Hence, acquiring knowledge on the legal duties of different countries and developing flexible rules and laws for each of them are the biggest challenges faced by the HR managers(Gashu 2016). Moreover, adopting the latest technology for carrying out business operations in the host countries also appears as a challenge for the MNEs. This is because, without adopting the advanced technology, it is not possible to operate productively and competitively in the overseas(Narula Driffield 2015). MNCs also face issues in managing the talent of the global teams. Here, the challenge lies in incorporating appropriate information and communication technology for the preparation of the strategy to manage talent in the global context(Rul Lake 2014). The communication problem is highly evident in the management of global teams and it is the biggest challenge faced by the MNEs. The employees with different languages than the parent company face difficulty in maintaining an effective communication. Especially, when sent to a different country, the hurdle increases, as they have to deal with the people from different cultural background with different languages(Klitmller, Schneider Jonsen 2015). Another important challenge faced by the MNEs is the outsourcing of innovation, which is linked with the transaction cost of the research and development to the host nation, due to the differences in the characteristics. It affects the sovereignty of the innovation at the overseas(Yeo et al. 2017). Although, a lot of journals and articles on the challenges management global teams are analysed; however, considerable gaps remained due to lack of literature available on some specific challenges. For example, there is a very little information available on the challenges regarding cross-cultural management and outsourcing of innovation. It enhances the opportunity of conducting further research on the same topic for obtaining in-depth information on these two areas. The present findings of the research could not provide detailed knowledge on these two important issues that could have increased the research quality. It opens up the scope of future research. The research hypotheses can be as follows: Developing effective strategies may help the MNEs to manage the challenges of global teams effectively Developing effective strategies may not help the MNEs to manage the challenges of global teams effectively Research questions/hypothesis The main research questions derived from the research objectives are as follows: What are the key challenges faced by the multinational companies in managing their global teams? What are the strategies for solving the issues faced by the MNCs in global team management and ensuring their growth? How can the outsourcing of invention be managed? Research design and methodology In order to collect all the necessary data on the challenges management global teams, the researcher decided to gather and use the combination of qualitative and quantitative research. This will help to acquire in-depth information on the research topic and thus, will facilitate to enhance the quality of the research. Qualitative research- Primarily, qualitative research is exploratory research, which helps to gain knowledge regarding the underlying motivations, reasons, and opinions about a specific phenomenon. It facilitates obtaining insight into the research problem and thus, helps to develop hypotheses of the potential qualitative research. The main steps of a qualitative research include identifying the research problem, developing research questions, doing a literature review, selecting a qualitative research technique, selecting sample size, collecting data, analysing data and preparing the final report (Maxwell 2012). For collecting the qualitative data, the researcher will use the interview method that will be carried out with the 4 managers of multinational companies. These sample size of 4 managers will be selected through non-probability sampling technique. Sampling refers to the process of selecting a subset of people from a population for assessing the characteristics of the population. The non-probability sampling is a time-effective and cost-effective technique that reflects the descriptive comments about the selected sample. A sample can be easily replaced with another sample in this sampling technique. Therefore, this will be used in the present research(Kogan Herzog 2012). In order to ensure the reliability of the data, the interview will be done twice in a gap of 7 days. If same answers are received then it will be proved that the collected data is reliable. Further, the validity of the data can be analysed by applying it in resolving the problems in real. Quantitative research- This research focuses on measuring the objectives and the mathematical and statistical evaluation of data that is collected through surveys and questionnaires using computational tools. The main steps of this research contain generating and defining the problem; reviewing relevant literature; carrying out field work; developing the conceptual framework; making hypotheses; selecting research design, selecting sample size; collecting data; selecting data analysis technique; analysing data and interpreting the findings(Hoy Adams 2015). All these steps will be followed for gaining better outcome on the challenges management global teams. Research instrument that will be used for the research is survey and questionnaire. A questionnaire will be developed that will include only multiple choice questions on the challenges management global teams. The survey will be conducted with 50 employees of multinational corporations work in the overseas subsidiaries. The sample size of 50 will be selected using simple-random sampling. Simple random sampling is the easiest way of collecting the sample, as the chance of being selected of each sample remains equal. It is a fair and error-free technique of collecting sample(Rossi, Wright Anderson 2013). For ensuring the validity of the data, before the final survey, a pilot testing will be carried out and the results will be compared. The consistency of the research result will ensure the reliability of the data. Research limitations The research may face some limitations such as time and resource constraints while carrying out the research on the challenge management of global teams. Due to lack of time, the researcher may not be able to identify and analyse more literature on the concerned research topic, which may provide a more detailed knowledge about the research topic. Further, due to lack of resources, the researcher may not gather in-depth information that may also affect the research quality. Apart from that, the researcher may also face the issue in convincing the respondents to participate in the research, as there is no direct benefit to them for participating in the survey and the interview. Time schedule Activities Week 1 to 3 Week 4 to 6 Week 7 to 9 Week 10 to 12 Week 13 to 14 Research topic selecting Identifying the research problem Conducting the literature review Preparing research questions Selection of research methodology Data collection Data analysis Preparation and submission of the final report Table 1: Time schedule (Source: Self-made) Conclusion It can be inferred that market competition has made it essential for companies to expand their businesses globally, which creates the concern of managing the global teams effectively. The global teams include employees from different cultural background and due to lack of face-to-face communication with the management, it becomes difficult to identify and solve their problems properly. Hence, to manage the HR teams in international nations successfully, it is required to hire talented and skilled HR manager in every country, who can ensure growth and development of the employees. Works Cited Allen, D, Lee, YT Reiche, S 2015, ' Global work in the multinational enterprise: New avenues and challenges for strategically managing human capital across borders', Journal of Management, vol 41, no. 7, pp. 2032-2035. Friesl, M Silberzahn, R 2017, 'Managerial coordination challenges in the alignment of capabilities and new subsidiary charters in MNEs', Organization Studies, p. 0170840617693271. Gashu, M 2016, ' Challenges faced by Multinational Companies: The Case of Castel Winery Company in Ethiopia', International Journal of Scientific Engineering Research, vol 7. Hoenen, AK Kostova, T 2015, 'Utilizing the broader agency perspective for studying headquarterssubsidiary relations in multinational companies', Journal of International Business Studies, vol 46, no. 1, pp. 104-113. Hoy, WK Adams, CM 2015, Quantitative research in education: A primer, Sage Publications, California. Klitmller, A, Schneider, SC Jonsen, K 2015, 'Speaking of global virtual teams: language differences, social categorization and media choice', Personnel Review, vol 44, no. 2, pp. 270-285. Kogan, M Herzog, DC 2012, Sampling methods in soybean entomolog, Springer Science Business Media, Berlin. Lopez, B Fornes, G, 2015, ' Corporate social responsibility in emerging markets: case studies of Spanish MNCs in Latin America', European Business Review, vol 27, no. 2, pp. 214-230. Maxwell, JA 2012, Qualitative research design: An interactive approach, Sage publications, California. Meyer, KE, Mudambi, R Narula, R 2011, 'Multinational enterprises and local contexts: The opportunities and challenges of multiple embeddedness', Journal of Management Studies, vol 48, no. 2, pp. 235-252. Narula, R Driffield, N 2015, 'Does FDI Cause development? The ambiguity of The evidence and why it matters', The European Journal of Development Research, vol 24, no. 1, pp. 1-7. Rossi, PH, Wright, JD Anderson, AB 2013, Handbook of survey research, Academic Press, Massachusetts. Rul, HJ Lake, C 2014, 'Global Talent Management in MNCs in the Digital Age: Conceptualizing the GTMICT Relationship', In Human Resource Management, Social Innovation and Technology, pp. 155-178. Scullion, H Collings, D 2011, Global talent management, Routledge, London. Stone, DL Deadrick, DL 2015, 'Challenges and opportunities affecting the future of human resource management', Human Resource Management Review, vol 25, no. 2, pp. 139-145. Tarique, I Schuler, RS 2010, 'Global talent management: Literature review, integrative framework, and suggestions for further research', Journal of world business, vol 45, no. 2, pp. 122-133. Yeo, C, Yeo, C, Saboori-Deilami, V Saboori-Deilami, V 2017, ' Strategic challenges of outsourcing innovation in global market', Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, vol 11, no. 1, pp. 5-16.