Literature Review on Contractual Issues Arising Claims

Writing Review on Contractual Issues Arising Claims Staying away from development claims and debates requires comprehension of the legally binding terms, early no antagonistic correspondence, and comprehension of reasons for claims.(Cheryl Semple, Francis T. Hartman, and George Jergeas) recognize a portion of the basic component in development contract, and examines the reasons for claims, classifications of pay of cases and agreement conditions cited in claims by concentrating skyscraper high rise and institutional structures. Development contract decides the reason for the connection between the gatherings associated with it. An agreement is a guarantee or understanding that the law will implement. Development contract are all the time long, complex record, thus, difference or debates can emerge with respect to legally binding commitments or desires, when one gathering feels that the authoritative commitments or desires have not been meet and they fell that they merit financial as well as time remuneration they may present a case. A case is characterized as an assertation to one side to cure, alleviation or property (Canadian Law Directory) Right now development industry in UAE has number of questions shows up in light of contested in authoritative report and poor coordination all in all and specific state of agreement. UAE is quickly developing nation regarding development and bunches of rivalry for getting the venture on account of that temporary workers are offering less and guaranteeing more sums. A customer attempts to diminish the over completely cost of task and contractual workers attempts to get more benefit and result is debates emerge. Each guarantee put together by the contractual worker puts presser on customer and therefore it influence expanding property cost. That is the reason development guarantee are considered as the most horrendous occasion in development industry. Cases can be decreased by appropriate course of action of extent of work in contract report. Agreement is the archive which clarifies all rolls and liabilities of the gatherings associated with it. With the end goal of study for investiga ting authoritative issues writing audit is isolated in two sections. Initial segment will talk about on Contract law when all is said in done and specific terms utilized in development of development contract. Second section will talk about on Claims under FIDIC contract and past examination in claims. 1 Introduction to contract law 1.1 Legal frameworks A lawful framework, is a framework for recognizing authentic circumstances where the state will force authorizes on an individual (criminal law), where one individual can look for change from someone else (common law), and where an individual can challenge choices of the state and open bodies, for example, neighborhood specialists (authoritative law)1. For instance: If somebody takes property having a place with another with the aim of for all time denying them of that property, this is arranged by the criminal law as a wrongdoing (burglary) for which the state can look for a request for detainment, a fine or both. A similar direct is arranged by the common law as a tort (known as transformation) for which the individual whose property is taken can look for a request requiring the individual taking the property to return it, to pay (harms), or both. On the off chance that the property is taken by the state or an open body in illegitimate exercise of a legal or other force, the choice to do so can be tested in authoritative law by looking for an announcement that it is invalid and ought to be reevaluated. 1.2 Criminal, common and regulatory law The criminal law is mainly worried about the burden of fines and detainment looked for by the state against people. The common law is worried about granting remuneration and making orders for one individual against another. Regulatory law is essentially worried about making orders concerning the managerial activities of the state and open bodies. 1.3 Obtaining change The typical methods for acquiring review is in a courtroom. The criminal courts, basically the Magistrates Courts and the Crown Court, are worried about change in regard of criminal issues .The common courts, fundamentally the County Courts and the High Court, are worried about review with respect to common cases. In numerous nations, a different court is set up to manage claims concerning the managerial activities of the state and open bodies, however this isn't the situation in all over, where authoritative law matters are managed by the High Court. The courts are not by any means the only methods for acquiring review in numerous common issues. 1.4 The common law of commitments Every one of the foremost divisions of law criminal law, common law and authoritative law contains various developments. The region that is applicable to this distribution, and to the arrangement of which it shapes part, is that piece of the common law worried about the law of commitments. 1.5 Obligations in agreement and tort The law of commitments has, thus, two sections: the law of agreement and the law of torts. In the law of agreement, a people commitments are basically established on understanding and are, as a rule, owed uniquely to the next gathering to the understanding, not to people by and large. Since commitments owed in contract are established on understanding, they can be as prescriptive and nitty gritty as the gatherings wish and their understanding requires. For instance, concurred commitments can concern the improvement of an office obstruct as per definite prerequisites, or the organizing of a drawn out business relationship, for example, an organization. It is difficult to manage such connections utilizing just the law of torts, since commitments in tort are excessively summed up. In the law of torts, a people commitments are principally controlled by general standards of law and are, usually, owed to people for the most part. Since commitments owed in tort are forced as a major aspect of the general law, they are communicated as general norms of direct. For instance: the commitment to practice sensible ability and care so as not to make injury or harm others shapes the premise of the tort of carelessness; the commitment not to preposterously meddle with a people use or delight in their property frames the premise of the tort of aggravation. The two pieces of the law of commitments are huge for the development business. Work on a structure venture, for example, the arrangement of advisor administrations, development or materials, will usually be completed under an agreement since this is the main way that commitments having the necessary definition and accuracy can be given lawful power. In any case, the work gave may, if imperfect, cause harm not exclusively to the individual with whom those commitments are concurred yet to other people, for example, nearby landowners, clients and resulting proprietors of the undertaking. While the individual or people with whom the agreement is made will, normally, have the option to look for review in the law of agreement, the individuals who are not gatherings to that agreement should look for change in the law of torts. The law of agreement is of key significance for the development business in light of the fact that the agreement is the main vehicle for those taking a shot at a task to be locked in, their commitments are directed and review surveyed if things turn out badly. The law of torts has an auxiliary significance if things do turn out badly. 1.6 Rights and commitments The law is frequently examined as far as commitments, there is, by and large, for every commitment a relating right .Thus, a commitment not to nonsensically meddle with a people use or happiness regarding area can be seen, from the point of view of a landowner, as an option to appreciate and utilize their territory liberated from such outlandish obstruction. A commitment to play out the particulars of an understanding can be seen from the different partys point of view as an option to have those commitments performed. In contract law, these rights and commitments are frequently alluded to as the advantages and weights of the agreement. 1.7 Defining an agreement There are different definitions that endeavor to typify the basic idea of an agreement. The definition that is most promptly reasonable in a business setting is that an agreement is an understanding that offers ascend to commitments, and relating rights, that the law will perceive and authorize. Since an agreement is established on understanding, the gatherings are free, inside wide cutoff points, to concur the commitments to which they wish to be bound. This is known as the regulation of opportunity of agreement. That is to say, at any rate in a business setting, that the gatherings to an agreement will usually be limited by the understanding they make, anyway improper, uneven or even ruinous that understanding may end up being for one of them. The result of the teaching of opportunity of agreement is that an individual can't be compelled to contract. In a business setting this implies, if terms can't be concurred, either gathering to the exchanges can leave, anyway badly designed or expensive, as far as sat around and cash, this is for the other party. It might be conceivable to split off arrangements and leave regardless of whether work has initiated fully expecting a proposed agreement. When an agreement is closed, it ties the gatherings in law. In the event that involved with an agreement neglects to consent to its commitments under the agreement, the other can look for change for that disappointment. This should be possible, as fitting, by upholding a privilege to installment (a case owing debtors), by looking for budgetary remuneration for misfortunes endured because of the disappointment (a case in harms for break of agreement) or, in specific conditions where monetary pay doesn't give sufficient review, by a request that the defaulting party play out its commitments (a case for explicit execution) or quit acting in penetrate of its commitments (an order). For instance, if a specialist neglects to perform administrations the person in question has contracted to give, the customer can look for harms dependent on the extra expense of acquiring substitute execution from another expert. In the event that a business neglects to pay for work gave by an agreement

The Political Economy of the European Union Essay

The Political Economy of the European Union - Essay Example Japan specifically has made troubling circumstance for European economy and exchange, this Asian nation has impacted in fiscal and innovation areas (Wayne, 1992). It is basic for the European government and market to understand that it needs to re-structure its political and monetary arrangements, the association needs to build an intelligent political nearness on the worldwide stage so as to accomplish the most appealing convenience to the new request (Wayne, 1992). The association will understand that American economy has been in part ready to continue the suggestions brought about by Chinese and Japanese market, anyway the political impact of the nation bolstered by its stakes in arrangement making organizations kept the imperative premiums of the nation secured and flawless. The European Union needs to take genuine endeavors to improve its political position, and needs to take political impact driven direction to arrive at a state of impact and strength, to rule in this universe of rivalry and difficulties (Ben, 2000). The significant choices throughout the entire existence of the association have been impacted by liberal between governmentalist, who created two-phase approach. The underlying methodology endless supply of essential inclinations dependent on imperatives and openings forced by financial reliance (Andrew, 1993). The last methodology depends on the outcomes accomplished through intergovernmental arrangements, such accomplishments were dictated by the relative bartering intensity of governments and the capacity motivations for standardization made by high exchange costs and the longing to control local plans (Andrew, 1993). The agrarian approach of the association depends on the aggregate monetary interests of the makers, the exchange arrangement is likewise decided dependent on such interests. The arrangements of such wants and inclinations depict as far as possible on the legislatures, the restrictions of bargain is likewise decided through such act. The association has received the m onetary strategies like the arrangements rehearsed by other worldwide gatherings; the association has chosen to improve the productivity of haggling through usage of cost diminishing guidelines. The main distinction between the association and staying universal affiliations is that the association has agent and pool sway (Andrew, 1993), with the end goal that the significant choices about linkage out of the hands of national governments (Andrew, 1993) are taken quickly. The association has chosen to center upon potential advantages from co-activity, and overlook the local political hazard. The association has created two-level game, such structure is answerable for the ascent in the activities and impact of national government by giving authenticity and residential plan setting power for the activities (Andrew, 1993). The idea of liberal between governmentalism has changed the association into model of legislative issues, which prompts the detail regarding process combination (Desmo d, 2006). The European Union takes a shot at joint-choice mode, all the major financial choices attempted by the association needs vital assent of significant gatherings, if not all. The method of activity, where choices are taken after joint endorsement which is coordination of intergovernmental

Illinois Commitment

Illinois Commitment Note: To view the most up-to-date details and requirements for this program, visit our Illinois Commitment webpage. I am so excited that we finally get to share the news â€" Illinois Commitment is here! What is Illinois Commitment? Illinois Commitment is a new financial aid program guaranteed to cover tuition and fees for Illinois residents whose family makes at or below the median income for the state ($61,000) with assets less than $50,000 (not including home value, qualified retirement accounts, and family farms) who enroll as either new freshman or new transfers beginning in the Fall 2019 semester. Yes, were this excited for a reason! Some of the best and brightest students in the state of Illinois assume that Illinois is out of their reach financially. Some don’t even consider applying. We want all high-achieving students across the state to be able to attend Illinois, regardless of family income. It is also our intent to keep the cost of tuition and fees for in-state residents constant for an unprecedented fifth straight year (pending Board approval). Our hope is that by investing in our financial aid programs and maintaining our costs that the University of Illinois will be a more affordable option for many students. How does it work?There is no separate application for Illinois Commitment. Illinois Commitment is a financial aid program. This means that students only need to complete their application to Illinois and the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) in order to be eligible. Illinois Commitment will cover tuition and campus fees for new freshmen for up to four (4) years, eight (8) semesters of continuous enrollment, and tuition and campus fees for up to three (3) years, six (6) semesters of continuous enrollment for new transfer students. This includes programs with higher tuition such as engineering, business, and many STEM programs. Program ImpactSetting the threshold of Illinois Commitment at the median income means that 50% of families in Illinois will qualify for this new program. We estimate that approximately 1,800-2,000 new freshman and new transfer students each year will be Illinois Commitment eligibleâ€"approximately 33% of the incoming class. After four years we expect that there will be 7,200-8,000 undergraduate students benefiting from the program. Figure 1. State of Illinois Income Distribution with Cumulative Income Percentile, Source: American Community Survey There is no program cap or limit in the number of students the program will help. We will continue to make “need-blind” admission decisions. Illinois Commitment will further diversify the socioeconomic makeup of the Illini alumni network and positively impact Illinois communities, families, and professional environments for years to come. We firmly believe that diversity of student experiences enriches the classroom and our campus. What about families above $61K?Available financial aid does not cut off at $61K. Students who not eligible for Illinois Commitment will still be considered for other types of financial aid and scholarships. We are currently working with the state legislators to create a new merit-based AIM High Scholarship program. The state of Illinois approved $25 million for this current year’s state budget to direct to merit scholarships for Illinois residents. The details of AIM High are still being finalized and will be added to financial aid packages in March. You will also be automatically considered for all university or donor funded scholarships. We’ve put together a fairly comprehensive FAQ page to cover other questions that are relevant to the new program. As the flagship and land grant university for the state of Illinois, it is our mission to enhance the lives of our states citizens. Our primary focus continues to be enrolling Illinois residents. Each year, we strive to enroll at least one student from each of 102 counties in Illinois. We will continue to enroll non-resident and international students to help challenge our resident students in the classroom and to improve the undergraduate experience for everyone. We hope to see our undergraduate student population continue to diversify. Illinois Commitment is a game changer for us. We hope that every college-bound student in the state will have Illinois on his or her short list of applications. Illinois Commitment demonstrates the university’s dedication to access and affordability by removing a significant financial barrier for Illinois residents from low- to middle-income homes so they too may receive a world-class education.Andy Director, Undergraduate Admissions My responsibility is to recruit, admit, and enroll new freshmen and new transfer students to the university. I earned my BS from Buena Vista University, an MBA from St. Ambrose University, and a PhD in Higher Education and Student Affairs from the University of Iowa. Illinois Commitment Note: To view the most up-to-date details and requirements for this program, visit our Illinois Commitment webpage. For students from families without a ton of financial resources, planning for college can involve lots of uncertainty. Finding a school that is affordable is sometimes the difference between going to college and not pursuing higher education at all. So, how does The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, a land-grant public university committed to serving the people of Illinois, make tuition affordable for as many students as possible? Enter: Illinois Commitment. On August 27, Illinois announced an exciting new financial aid program with the following slogan: Four Years. Free Tuition. Thats #IllinoisCommitment. In the past, Illinois has offered fairly generous aid to students without much in the way of financial resources, but we have never seen a program quite like this before. Illinois Commitment provides scholarships and grants to cover the cost of tuition as long as the student meets the following requirements: Youre an Illinois resident (parents listed on the FAFSA are also Illinois residents) Your family income is $61,000 or less Your familys assets are less than $50,000 Youre admitted as a new freshman or transfer student Youre under the age of 24 For more information about the specifics of these requirements, there is information available on the Admissions website. Going to college is a big deal because what you choose to do in your late teens and early twenties is a big deal. I recently listened to a TED talk called “Why 30 is not the new 20” by Meg Jay. Her key message can be summed up in this quote: “Claiming your 20s is one of the simplest, yet most transformative, things you can do for work, for love, for your happiness, maybe even for the world … We know that the brain caps off its second and last growth spurt in your 20s as it rewires itself for adulthood, which means that whatever it is you want to change about yourself, now is the time to change it.” And, “change it” you will as you enter college. I already experience the world in a completely different way than I did before coming to college, and I have only been here for a little over a year. If Illinois Commitment is the difference between a student attending college and not attending college, then Illinois Commitment is a big deal. In my experience, college will change your life for the better. I am so glad that Illinois Commitment exists because it gives students without a ton of resources the chance to get a world-class education.Zoe Class of 2021 I am from Rock Island, Illinois, which is right on the Illinois-Iowa border. I am a dual-degree student studying Acting in the College of Fine and Applied Arts and Advertising in the College of Media. I am also a James Scholar and a Chancellor's Scholar.

The Effects Of Homelessness On The City - 2802 Words

Introduction As the winter approaches we are forced to remember the severity of homelessness in the City. As of 2014, based on data provided by the Coalition for the Homeless, there are 59,246 people sleeping in shelters. It costs the City $3,500 a month to house a homeless person, adding up to $856 million a year. There are thousands more who sleep on the streets, but due to lack of data we are not sure of the exact number. Shelters only provide a temporary solution; on average a person is allowed to stay in a shelter for a maximum of 180 days. How can that individual/family regain their â€Å"self-sufficiency† in a city where the rent is amongst the highest in the country, and affordable housing is limited. Nearly half of all New York City residents pay more than 30 percent of their income on housing. Median rents have risen 75 percent since 2000, at the same time, that median incomes have declined, and between 1994 and 2012, the city lost 105,242 of rent regulated housing. To address this problem, and restore these people sense of citizenship, we need a citywide reform of the housing system. Since housing conditions vary significantly from state to state, it is important for state and localities to develop their own housing strategies. The two basic components that affect housing in New york, which need to be addressed to reform the affordable housing system are 1) many families have incomes that are too low to afford the costs to maintain a home 2) constraints on theShow MoreRelatedHomeless Population Of New South Wales1444 Words   |  6 PagesOverview â€Å"In a country as prosperous as Australia, no one should have to be homeless.† - The Road Home, 2008 Homelessness is a complex problem and not simply a lack of housing. It has numerous causes that affect different groups differently. In Australia, there are approximately 105000 people experiencing homelessness reported in the 2011 census. This equates to one in every two hundred people. 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Invisible Man Essay Shedding Fear - 961 Words

Shedding Fear in Invisible Man Invisible Man, by Ralph Ellison explores the issues of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness through the protagonist; Invisible Man. Invisible Man is not giving a name. Ellison explores how unalienable rights cannot be obtained without freedom from the obstacles in life - especially from ones own fears. Several major characters affect the protagonist. One of the major characters is Dr. Bledsoe, who is the president of the school. Dr. Bledsoe had a major effect on the main character, because the Protagonist idolizes him. He was every thing that I hope to be, (Ellison 99), but the Dr. Bledsoe degrades him when we says Why, the dumbest black bastard in the cotton patch knows†¦show more content†¦So, the Protagonist convinces himself that the Dr. Bledsoe and the school is right and goes to New York. The second encounter, in which the Protagonist reveals his fear and not being accepted, is in the Battle Royal. The Battle Royal is a boxing match involving nine other African American boys who have to fight until the last man is standing. The protagonist endures this degrading act as ploy, so that he can be able to read his speech, in the hope of impressing the elite white men of the town. The Protagonist fear of not being looked upon as an uneducated cause him to be the subj ect of a brutal beating, which knocks him out and torturous electrical shocking. In addition, the Protagonist fear of not being acceptance is his denial of being a Negro. The Protagonist encounter with Dr. Bledsoe exemplifies his denial. The Protagonist looks up to Dr. Bledsoe as a model of what he wants to be. However, when Dr. Bledsoe called the Protagonist aneducated fool (Ellison 140) and an Nigger; the Protagonist ignores it because of his denial of being a Nigger, but under normal circumstances a person would get angry and upset. Dr. Bledsoe name is also a play on word, because when he calls the Protagonist a Nigger, he bleeds his people so. Dr. Bledsoe bleeding of the Protagonist shows his disregard for his own people. The Protagonist fears of not being accepted is also evident whenShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Analysis6093 Words   |  25 PagesDescriptive Analyses of the Essays and Short Stories Narration and Description THE STRATEGIES Although the narrative and descriptive essays are often given as separate assignments in composition courses, they are combined in this first section so that teachers can present expressive writing and still reserve time for the many forms of informative and argumentative writing. This choice is tricky because it confirms the folk wisdom about expressive writing and rhetorical difficulty. According toRead More Atheism as a historical philosophy and its relevance in contemporary America4178 Words   |  17 Pagesin their moral character. 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And this was in the early 1970s—after Bob Marleys emergence as an international viii FOREWORD star, after Selassies arrival in Jamaica, and after so much had been written aboutRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesillustrated the meaning and use of words; the great majority of the examples are due to him. Their merit is that they are not translations from English, but natural Igbo sentences elicited only by the stimulus of the word they illustrate. The short essays which appear from time to time (e.g. under otà ¹tà ¹, à ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¤gbanÌ„je) on aspects of culture are also his work, as are the sketches which served as basis for the illustrations, a large number of new words, and various features of the arrangement. When he had

Essay on Star Wars Free Essays

string(103) " and training to become a Jedi Knight because he has no other options now that he has lost everything\." Essay on Star Wars â€Å"Aren’t you a little short for a storm trooper? † (Lucas New Hope 40). Rings a bell, doesn’t it? This is one of the many quotes and a memorable one from Princess Leia in George Lucas’s saga Star Wars. Lucas had created an all American myth and was the first to do it. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Star Wars or any similar topic only for you Order Now His movie saga used every archetype known to man and was inspired by the book The Hero with a Thousand Faces by Joseph Campbell. Campbell’s book also had every archetype known to man in it. It affected an innumerable amount of people around the world. Lucas’s Star Wars saga even went further than the big screen by inspiring comics, video games, toys, and other merchandise making Lucas a billionaire. His first three movies he made in the saga are New Hope, Empire Strikes Back, and Return of The Jedi. In this Star Wars trilogy, George Lucas illustrates that the hero must be wounded either physically or emotionally to be open to spiritual knowledge and transformation. Leia’s wounds open her to love, Luke’s wounds open him to becoming a Jedi Knight, and Anakin Skywalker’s wounds open him to redemption. These transformations are marked by physical and emotional wounds. In George Lucas’s Star Wars, Leia’s physical and emotional wounds open her up to love. First, Leia is wounded emotionally by the Death Star destroying her home planet of Alderaan. â€Å"A button is pressed which switches on a panel of lights. A hooded imperial soldier reaches overhead and pulls a lever. Another lever is pulled. Vader reaches for still another lever and a back of lights on a panel and wall light up. A huge beam of light emanates from within a cone-shaped area and converges into a single laser beam out toward Alderaan. The small green planet of Alderaan is blown into space dust† (Lucas New Hope 44). Princess Leia has been captured from the consoler’s ship and is being interrogated by General Tarkin. He is asking her about the whereabouts of the rebel base and if she doesn’t comply he will destroy her home planet of Alderaan. She finally decides to lie so her home planet will be spared except they thank her for her cooperation, throw her in the detention level, and destroy Alderaan anyway. Leia is wounded emotionally by this because that was her home planet the Empire just destroyed using the Death Star. That means her family and all her friends and loved ones were on Alderaan and they all got completely destroyed. Everything that was her past and childhood memories was just destroyed right before her eyes. Lucas included this wounding because it is a very strong one. Leia just basically lost everything in one quick moment. He uses it also to show her strength in being able to control her emotions. Next, Leia is wounded emotionally by watching Han get frozen in the carbon freezing chamber. â€Å"Tears roll down Leia’s face as she watches the dashing pirate walk to the hydraulic platform† (Lucas Empire Strikes Back 70). Darth Vader uses Han as a sort of test dummy to test the carbon-freezing chamber on. He is testing to see if it will keep the person inside alive because Vader plans to use it on Luke later on. It is also a trap to attract Luke to Cloud City so Vader can capture him. This shows that Leia’s heart is completely open to love because she tells Han she loves him and even gets emotional when he gets ready to be frozen. Han responds with â€Å"I know† (Lucas Empire Strikes Back 70) showing the love between the two and without a doubt proving that Leia is now balanced between head and heart. Lucas has Han get frozen in carbon to reveal Leia’s true emotions and show that her heart is finally open to love. She shows it by telling him she loves him and tearing up about it. It shows that she does care and truly does love Han. Last, Leia is wounded physically by becoming a slave to Jabba the Hut. â€Å"Threepio is standing behind the grotesque gangster as he strokes Leia like a pet cat. Several of the guards, including Lando bring Luke from the other side of the room. Boba is standing behind Jabba† (Lucas Return of the Jedi 18). After trying to rescue Han from Jabba’s palace, Leia gets captured by Jabba and he uses her as his personal slave. He keeps her by him held by a chain. By becoming a slave to Jabba it opens Leia’s heart to even more emotions of love because her lover, Han, rescues her. Lucas has Leia get captured because it will drive Han even more to rescue her. This proves his love for Leia because he risks his own life by protecting her. By the end of all of these experiences, Leia’s heart is completely open to love showing her full emotions. In George Lucas’s trilogy Star Wars, Luke’s wounds open him to becoming a Jedi Knight. First, Luke is wounded emotionally by having his known family killed. â€Å"Luke stumbles around in a daze looking for his aunt and uncle. Suddenly he comes upon their smoldering remains. He is stunned, and cannot speak. Hate replaces fear and a new resolve comes over him† (Lucas New Hope 19). Luke sees that the Imperial Troops have slaughtered the Jawas and then realized that they probably traced them back to Luke’s aunt and uncle’s house. He then speeds back to his house in his speeder and finds their remains and the remains of their dwelling. This greatly wounds Luke emotionally because the Empire has just destroyed his family and all he’s ever had and known. Uncle Owen and Aunt Beru was the only family he thought he had left so this just devastated him emotionally. His fear is replaced by hate for the Empire. This also helps him make his decision on following Obi-Wan and training to become a Jedi Knight because he has no other options now that he has lost everything. You read "Essay on Star Wars" in category "Essay examples" Lucas had Luke’s known family destroyed to place anger in him making him follow in his father’s footsteps unconsciously. It also helps him make the decision to travel with Obi-Wan and train to be a Jedi Knight because now there is nothing left for him on Tatooine. Next, Luke is wounded physically by having his right hand cut off by Darth Vader. â€Å"Luke glances at the instrument complex floating away. At that instant, Vader’s sword comes down across Luke’s right forearm, cutting off his hand and sending his sword flying. In great pain, Luke squeezes his forearm under his left armpit and moves back along the gantry to its extreme end. Vader follows. The wind subsides. Luke holds on. There is nowhere else to go† (Lucas Empire Strikes Back 77). Luke is in Cloud City fighting Darth Vader after he escapes his carbon-freezing trap. Vader finally beats him down and cuts off Luke’s right hand with his light saber. Luke is driven by anger and hate which in the end ultimately causes him to lose this battle. Vader cuts off Luke’s right hand. That is the hand in which he wields his light saber. This represents his power hand and now he has no power because he has lost his right hand. This weakens Luke greatly. During this wounding he has the epiphany that Darth Vader is Anakin Skywalker, his father. During this wounding he is wounded both physically and emotionally. Physically because he loses his hand and emotionally because he learns that this evil man is indeed his father. Lucas had Vader cut off Luke’s power hand showing now that Luke is weak and vulnerable. At this point Vader also tells Luke that he is his father because Luke cannot escape from the truth being physically wounded and defeated. Last, Luke is wounded emotionally by having his father die. â€Å"Darth Vader, Anakin Skywalker†¦Luke’s father, dies† (Lucas Empire Strikes Back 88). Luke is on the Death Star to defeat the Emperor but Darth Vader gets in his way and starts fighting with Luke instead. Luke keeps backing down saying, â€Å"I will not fight you, father† (Lucas Empire Strikes Back 81). Luke then finally beats down Vader and cuts his hand off, just like Vader had done to him. The Emperor walks over to Luke and asks him to join the Dark Side but Luke refuses so the Emperor starts to electrocute him with his hands showing no mercy. â€Å"Vader grabs the Emperor from behind, fighting for control of the robed figure despite the Dark Lord’s weakened body and gravely weakened arm. The Emperor struggles in his embrace, his bolt-shooting hands now lifted high, away from Luke. Now the white lightning arcs back to strike at Vader. He stumbles with his load as the sparks rain off his helmet and flow down over his black cape. He holds his evil master high over his head and walks to the edge of the abyss at the central core of the throne room. With one final burst of his once awesome strength, Darth Vader hurls the Emperor’s body into the bottomless shaft† (Lucas Return of the Jedi 86). This emotionally wounds Luke because he finally has feelings of love towards his father. His father, Anakin, just sacrificed himself for his son overcoming the evil within him letting his good side show. Luke feels sad and does not want to leave his father. His mother has already died so that was the last adult in his family and he finally felt that father to son connection. Sadly it only lasted a little bit because Anakin quickly dies. Lucas shows this as the final state of Luke becoming a true Jedi knight. This is shown by Luke saying, â€Å"Never! I’ll never turn to the dark side. You’ve failed, Your Highness. I am a Jedi, like my father before me† (Lucas Empire Strikes Back 84). In the trilogy Star Wars, by George Lucas, Anakin Skywalker’s wounds open him up to redemption. First, Anakin Skywalker gets emotionally wounded by the Sand People kill his mother. After the Sand People kill Shmi, Anakin’s mother, he goes on a rage and kills an entire village of Tusken people including women and children. He does this out of anger. Anakin’s mother Shmi gets captured by the Sand people. He then goes to free her and help her escape because of the love he has for his mother. As Anakin is walking her out of the village a Tusken raider shoots and kills Shmi. This puts Anakin in an outrage and he then massacres the entire village out of anger and hate with his light saber. This emotionally wounds Anakin greatly because the Sand people just killed his mother. Shmi was the woman he loved and cared about the most. He had always taken care of her and supported for her. Now that they just murdered her, it sent him on an unstoppable rage. Lucas has this happen to set Anakin on his course to becoming Darth Vader. All the hate and anger that came into him after this event turned him evil therefore setting him up for later redemption. Next, Anakin is physically wounded by falling into a burning lava pit. â€Å"Anakin’s clothing blows into the lava river and ignites. Suddenly Anakin bursts into flames and starts screaming† (Lucas Revenge of the Sith 89). Obi-Wan and Anakin are fighting on the volcanic planet of Mustafar. Obi-Wan cuts off Anakin’s arm and greatly wounds him sending him falling close to the lava river in which his clothes ignite and his body is badly burned almost to the point of death. This greatly wounds Anakin and sets him on his way to being the mechanical more-machine-than-human Darth Vader. After he lies injured for a while he is finally spotted by Darth Sidious and what is left of him is put in a medical capsule. They then turn him into Darth Vader by replacing his injured parts with robotic parts making him more machine than human. Last, Anakin is wounded physically by saving his son Luke. â€Å"Vader grabs the Emperor from behind, fighting for control of the robed figure despite the Dark Lord’s weakened body and gravely weakened arm. The Emperor struggles in his embrace, his bolt-shooting hands now lifted high, away from Luke. Now the white lightning arcs back to strike at Vader. He stumbles with his load as the sparks rain off his helmet and flow down over his black cape. He holds his evil master high over his head and walks to the edge of the abyss at the central core of the throne room. With one final burst of his once awesome strength, Darth Vader hurls the Emperor’s body into the bottomless shaft† (Lucas Return of the Jedi 86). Then, â€Å"Vader’s cape is whipped by the wind and he staggers, and collapses toward the bottomless hole. Luke crawls to his father’s side and pulls him away from the edge of the abyss to safety. Both the young Jedi and the giant warrior are too weak to move† (Lucas Return of the Jedi 86). In the Death Star, Anakin watches his son dying and then the good in him kicks in as Luke begs his father for help. Anakin steps in and sacrifices himself for his son. Anakin redeems himself here for all the evil he has done by sacrificing himself for the love of his son Luke. He just can’t bare it anymore to watch his son suffer so he acts on love and aves his son from the Emperor killing himself in the process. Lucas shows Anakin redeeming himself by sacrifice. He obtains redemption by giving into love and finding the good in him to save his son. In this Star Wars trilogy, George Lucas illustrates that the hero must be wounded either physically or emotionally to be open to spiritual knowledge and transformation. Leia’s wounds open her to love, Luke’s wounds open him to becoming a Jedi Knight, and Anakin Skywalker’s wounds open him to redemption. These transformations are marked by physical and emotional wounds. How to cite Essay on Star Wars, Essay examples

Challenges Management Global Teams-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Challenges Management Global Teams. Answer: Introduction Managing human resource of the global enterprises becomes a challenging task for the HR managers if they fail to consider some important factors related to the HR. Cultural difference is the common factor of a global team and hence, needs the knowledge regarding different cultural beliefs and languages for managing employees successfully. Further challenges include lack of face-to-face communication, setting up meetings with the global teams, evaluating performance and others(Tarique Schuler 2010). Hence, in this research proposal, the objective and scope of the research are going to be developed on the research topic that challenges management global teams. Moreover, the literature review will be summarised, research questions will be developed, methodologies will be selected, potential research limitations will be highlighted and a time schedule of the research will be developed. Project objective The key objectives of the project are: To recognise the challenges experienced by the global management teams across the world To develop novel global management strategies for eradicating the challenges faced by the global management teams and confirming the growth of the firm in the international market To organise the subcontract of innovation Project scope With the increasing rate of globalisation, companies have also become globalised and face significant issues in managing their global teams(Scullion Collings 2011). Therefore, the research involves identifying the ways of eliminating the challenges and managing the global teams effectively. It denotes a huge scope of the research in terms of helping the multinational companies to solve their HR management related issues. Literature review The management of human resource of the global companies faces a variety of challenges due to various reasons. First, the global companies face issues in managing the global teams due to domestic diversity, development of new technologies, globalisation, and deviations in the economy. Therefore, it has become necessary to incorporate necessary changes in the organisational procedure and practices to keep the company and its global teams updated and competitive within the changing business environment(Stone Deadrick 2015). Although, globalisation has provided the opportunity of business expansion to all the companies; however, it has increased the challenges of maintaining an effective communication with the international teams of employees(Meyer, Mudambi Narula 2011). The HR managers are responsible for bringing into line the contracts with the capabilities of the employees for making necessary changes in at subsidiary level. Otherwise, misalignment can affect the business deeds negatively(Friesl Silberzahn 2017). The globalisation has increased the difficulty of maintaining a good connection between the headquarters of the MNCs with their subsidiaries operating in host countries. The agency theory can be helpful in minimising the problems through the application of static bilateral, static multilateral and other aspects of the theory. It is often seen that the regional headquarters replace the regional management mandates(Hoenen Kostova 2015) Challenges related to the role of communally accountable-investment and mainstreaming micro finance are also significant in this context. Managing the local employees in an unproductive manner enhances the difficulty. The MNEs operate in different countries have employees, who come from the different cultural background. Hence, it increases the difficulty for the HR managers to develop such a strategy that can solve all the issues pertaining to language, beliefs, and political and social conditions(Allen, Lee Reiche 2015). Further, the MNEs also face issues in developing effective corporate social responsibility policies due to the difference in the social needs, and cultures of the hosting nations. In this context, the instrumental theory can provide the guideline to solve the issues and fulfil the CSR activities properly for enhancing organisational reputation(Lopez Fornes 2015). Not understanding the legal requirements of different countries can be a significant challenge for the MNEs, as it may affect the profitability of the firm negatively and thus, discourages the investors. Hence, acquiring knowledge on the legal duties of different countries and developing flexible rules and laws for each of them are the biggest challenges faced by the HR managers(Gashu 2016). Moreover, adopting the latest technology for carrying out business operations in the host countries also appears as a challenge for the MNEs. This is because, without adopting the advanced technology, it is not possible to operate productively and competitively in the overseas(Narula Driffield 2015). MNCs also face issues in managing the talent of the global teams. Here, the challenge lies in incorporating appropriate information and communication technology for the preparation of the strategy to manage talent in the global context(Rul Lake 2014). The communication problem is highly evident in the management of global teams and it is the biggest challenge faced by the MNEs. The employees with different languages than the parent company face difficulty in maintaining an effective communication. Especially, when sent to a different country, the hurdle increases, as they have to deal with the people from different cultural background with different languages(Klitmller, Schneider Jonsen 2015). Another important challenge faced by the MNEs is the outsourcing of innovation, which is linked with the transaction cost of the research and development to the host nation, due to the differences in the characteristics. It affects the sovereignty of the innovation at the overseas(Yeo et al. 2017). Although, a lot of journals and articles on the challenges management global teams are analysed; however, considerable gaps remained due to lack of literature available on some specific challenges. For example, there is a very little information available on the challenges regarding cross-cultural management and outsourcing of innovation. It enhances the opportunity of conducting further research on the same topic for obtaining in-depth information on these two areas. The present findings of the research could not provide detailed knowledge on these two important issues that could have increased the research quality. It opens up the scope of future research. The research hypotheses can be as follows: Developing effective strategies may help the MNEs to manage the challenges of global teams effectively Developing effective strategies may not help the MNEs to manage the challenges of global teams effectively Research questions/hypothesis The main research questions derived from the research objectives are as follows: What are the key challenges faced by the multinational companies in managing their global teams? What are the strategies for solving the issues faced by the MNCs in global team management and ensuring their growth? How can the outsourcing of invention be managed? Research design and methodology In order to collect all the necessary data on the challenges management global teams, the researcher decided to gather and use the combination of qualitative and quantitative research. This will help to acquire in-depth information on the research topic and thus, will facilitate to enhance the quality of the research. Qualitative research- Primarily, qualitative research is exploratory research, which helps to gain knowledge regarding the underlying motivations, reasons, and opinions about a specific phenomenon. It facilitates obtaining insight into the research problem and thus, helps to develop hypotheses of the potential qualitative research. The main steps of a qualitative research include identifying the research problem, developing research questions, doing a literature review, selecting a qualitative research technique, selecting sample size, collecting data, analysing data and preparing the final report (Maxwell 2012). For collecting the qualitative data, the researcher will use the interview method that will be carried out with the 4 managers of multinational companies. These sample size of 4 managers will be selected through non-probability sampling technique. Sampling refers to the process of selecting a subset of people from a population for assessing the characteristics of the population. The non-probability sampling is a time-effective and cost-effective technique that reflects the descriptive comments about the selected sample. A sample can be easily replaced with another sample in this sampling technique. Therefore, this will be used in the present research(Kogan Herzog 2012). In order to ensure the reliability of the data, the interview will be done twice in a gap of 7 days. If same answers are received then it will be proved that the collected data is reliable. Further, the validity of the data can be analysed by applying it in resolving the problems in real. Quantitative research- This research focuses on measuring the objectives and the mathematical and statistical evaluation of data that is collected through surveys and questionnaires using computational tools. The main steps of this research contain generating and defining the problem; reviewing relevant literature; carrying out field work; developing the conceptual framework; making hypotheses; selecting research design, selecting sample size; collecting data; selecting data analysis technique; analysing data and interpreting the findings(Hoy Adams 2015). All these steps will be followed for gaining better outcome on the challenges management global teams. Research instrument that will be used for the research is survey and questionnaire. A questionnaire will be developed that will include only multiple choice questions on the challenges management global teams. The survey will be conducted with 50 employees of multinational corporations work in the overseas subsidiaries. The sample size of 50 will be selected using simple-random sampling. Simple random sampling is the easiest way of collecting the sample, as the chance of being selected of each sample remains equal. It is a fair and error-free technique of collecting sample(Rossi, Wright Anderson 2013). For ensuring the validity of the data, before the final survey, a pilot testing will be carried out and the results will be compared. The consistency of the research result will ensure the reliability of the data. Research limitations The research may face some limitations such as time and resource constraints while carrying out the research on the challenge management of global teams. Due to lack of time, the researcher may not be able to identify and analyse more literature on the concerned research topic, which may provide a more detailed knowledge about the research topic. Further, due to lack of resources, the researcher may not gather in-depth information that may also affect the research quality. Apart from that, the researcher may also face the issue in convincing the respondents to participate in the research, as there is no direct benefit to them for participating in the survey and the interview. Time schedule Activities Week 1 to 3 Week 4 to 6 Week 7 to 9 Week 10 to 12 Week 13 to 14 Research topic selecting Identifying the research problem Conducting the literature review Preparing research questions Selection of research methodology Data collection Data analysis Preparation and submission of the final report Table 1: Time schedule (Source: Self-made) Conclusion It can be inferred that market competition has made it essential for companies to expand their businesses globally, which creates the concern of managing the global teams effectively. The global teams include employees from different cultural background and due to lack of face-to-face communication with the management, it becomes difficult to identify and solve their problems properly. Hence, to manage the HR teams in international nations successfully, it is required to hire talented and skilled HR manager in every country, who can ensure growth and development of the employees. Works Cited Allen, D, Lee, YT Reiche, S 2015, ' Global work in the multinational enterprise: New avenues and challenges for strategically managing human capital across borders', Journal of Management, vol 41, no. 7, pp. 2032-2035. Friesl, M Silberzahn, R 2017, 'Managerial coordination challenges in the alignment of capabilities and new subsidiary charters in MNEs', Organization Studies, p. 0170840617693271. Gashu, M 2016, ' Challenges faced by Multinational Companies: The Case of Castel Winery Company in Ethiopia', International Journal of Scientific Engineering Research, vol 7. Hoenen, AK Kostova, T 2015, 'Utilizing the broader agency perspective for studying headquarterssubsidiary relations in multinational companies', Journal of International Business Studies, vol 46, no. 1, pp. 104-113. Hoy, WK Adams, CM 2015, Quantitative research in education: A primer, Sage Publications, California. Klitmller, A, Schneider, SC Jonsen, K 2015, 'Speaking of global virtual teams: language differences, social categorization and media choice', Personnel Review, vol 44, no. 2, pp. 270-285. Kogan, M Herzog, DC 2012, Sampling methods in soybean entomolog, Springer Science Business Media, Berlin. Lopez, B Fornes, G, 2015, ' Corporate social responsibility in emerging markets: case studies of Spanish MNCs in Latin America', European Business Review, vol 27, no. 2, pp. 214-230. Maxwell, JA 2012, Qualitative research design: An interactive approach, Sage publications, California. Meyer, KE, Mudambi, R Narula, R 2011, 'Multinational enterprises and local contexts: The opportunities and challenges of multiple embeddedness', Journal of Management Studies, vol 48, no. 2, pp. 235-252. Narula, R Driffield, N 2015, 'Does FDI Cause development? The ambiguity of The evidence and why it matters', The European Journal of Development Research, vol 24, no. 1, pp. 1-7. Rossi, PH, Wright, JD Anderson, AB 2013, Handbook of survey research, Academic Press, Massachusetts. Rul, HJ Lake, C 2014, 'Global Talent Management in MNCs in the Digital Age: Conceptualizing the GTMICT Relationship', In Human Resource Management, Social Innovation and Technology, pp. 155-178. Scullion, H Collings, D 2011, Global talent management, Routledge, London. Stone, DL Deadrick, DL 2015, 'Challenges and opportunities affecting the future of human resource management', Human Resource Management Review, vol 25, no. 2, pp. 139-145. Tarique, I Schuler, RS 2010, 'Global talent management: Literature review, integrative framework, and suggestions for further research', Journal of world business, vol 45, no. 2, pp. 122-133. Yeo, C, Yeo, C, Saboori-Deilami, V Saboori-Deilami, V 2017, ' Strategic challenges of outsourcing innovation in global market', Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, vol 11, no. 1, pp. 5-16.

Gender Essays (1748 words) - Gender, Judith Lorber, Gender Role

Gender Definition When studying "gender," the first task is to clearly define what it is not. Gender simply can not be defined by one's anatomy. In other words, gender is not categorized as male or female. Stating this fact is of the utmost importance, because most people would define gender in such a way. In fact, some dictionaries actually define gender as "See sex." So now that I have withdrawn that determinant, I must conclude that gender is something which is determined socially. Unfortunately, the concept is far too broad to have one clear definition. It can be studied in so many different ways, and it is because of this that there are a multitude of theories about it. Learning about differing theories stimulates one's own beliefs about gender and its usefulness. Every sociology litterateur is aware of the socialization theory. Socialization and the study of gender are often linked. In terms of gender, the socialization theory suggests that children are taught to behave a certain way according to their sex. Boys are taught to be masculine and girls to be feminine. For example, parents will often buy boys trucks or army toys and for girls, they will buy dolls and playhouse sort-of toys. Boys are played with in a rough manner and are taught to "tough it out" when they get hurt. Girls are taught to be more passive and expressive of their feelings. Also, children learn by observing their parents and the roles that they play. Girls love pretending to be the "mommy." Chores are also divided. Those chores that are more "masculine" are for the boys such as taking out the trash and raking leaves. Girls help in the kitchen and with cleaning. The socialization theory is accepted by many, but it does not account for everything. This theory is limiting in that it doesnot allow one to study gender in a macro sense. This theory cannot explain why or how gender came about. It also doesn't provide an answer for how gender inequality began or how it can be minimized. Many theorists take the socialization theory and expand on it. One of the most unique theories on gender comes from Judith Lorber, a professor of sociology. Lorber's book, "Paradoxes of Gender," introduces her idea of gender being a social institution. Lorber views gender inequality from this perspective. It is difficult to explain all aspects of Lorber's theory without sounding repetitive, because so much is interrelated. She critiques all of the popular beliefs about gender. Gender is not the assumptions or beliefs about males and females; it is not the roles that males and females play; it is not male and female status; it is certainly not anatomy, and it is not strictly socialization. "Gender is a social structure that has its origins in the development of human culture, not in biology or procreation. As is true of other institutions, gender's history can be traced, its structure examined, and its changing effects researched." (Lorber, p.1) LLorber does not view gender at the individual level, but rather as a social construction that establishes norms for individuals which are built into the major societal organizations. The development of gender inequality is the main focus of Lorber's discussion of gender. According to Lorber, roles are gendered. Either sex can participate in opposite gendered roles. The problem is that males are expected to be masculine and women to be feminine. Those jobs that are more feminine have lower statuses, thus lower pay. So we now begin to see where inequality comes into play. An interesting point that Lorber makes about this is that women are to blame for this as well as men. When a woman chooses to go into a female-dominated field, she is perpetuating inequality by contributing to masculinism. However, when a female works in a male-dominated field, she must become a social man. For example, in the work force, CEOs are supposed to possess masculine traits. A female CEO must be aggressive, dominant, and non-sympathetic. So when females become social men, they are looked down upon. Most of these women are thought to be too aggressive and unappealing. They have failed at being a "woman." The same goes for men in female-dominated jobs, although for men, there isn't much of a problem simply because there aren't very many men who take feminine jobs due to their lower statuses. Naturally, female-dominated jobs are seen as feminine. If a man were to take a female-dominated job, he would be expected to act as a social woman. The fact that a

How to Make Playdough 6 Easy DIY Recipes

How to Make Playdough 6 Easy DIY Recipes SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Most of us have played with playdough at some point. Brand name Play-Doh, it's a staple of most childhoods. But what actually is playdough and how is it made? We'll discuss what exactly playdough is and offer some of our favorite recipes and tips on how to make natural DIY playdough right at home. What Is Playdough? Playdough is one of those familiar substances that immediately sparks feelings of nostalgia. From it's soft, pliable texture to its distinctive smell, we all think we know playdough. But what exactly is it? In short, Play-Doh is a modeling compound made primarily from flour, water, salt, borax and mineral oil. Natural recipes have cream of tartar, a white crystalline compound found in baking powder, and can be made with a variety of oils. Play-Doh is soft and malleable, and can be reused as long as it's stored properly. I'm sure a lot of us remember the disappointment we faced when we came back to our awesome Play-Doh creations to find them dried out and crusty. Proper storage is key with both store bought and homemade playdough. Where Did Play-Doh Come From? Play-Doh has come a long way from its origins as a cleaning product, and was even inducted into the National Toy Hall of Fame in 1998. Play-Doh was originally created as a non-toxic, non-staining putty to remove coal stains from wallpaper by Noah and Cleo McVicker of the soap manufacturing company, Kutol Products. After World War II, the demand for coal-removing putties essentially disappeared. The country turned to natural gas for energy instead of coal, and vinyl wallpaper meant that even when coal was used, it rarely stained. With its original use obsolete, the makers looked for a new way to market the product in the mid 1950's. Schoolteacher Kay Zufall took the putty to her classroom, and Play-Doh as we know it was born. The creators tweaked the formula, and Zufall named the iconic toy "Play-Doh." The product re-launched in 1956, with a marketing campaign that consisted of TV spots and in-store demonstrations in retail giants like Macy's. By 1958, the company sold $3 million worth of Play-Doh. Play-Doh is currently owned and manufactured by Hasbro. Homemade Playdough Recipes While we love traditional Play-Doh, DIY playdough can be just as fun as playing with it! Keep in mind that homemade playdoughs won't last as long as store-bought Play-Doh, and all playdough should always be put back in a sealed container when not in use. Most natural recipes contain flour and cream of tartar. We put together a list of recipes with those ingredients, as well as ones without. Remember, store-bought Play-Doh has flour and is not allergy-safe for those allergic to wheat products. Flour-free homemade playdough is a great alternative. Check out some of our favorite recipes! Playdough Recipes with Flour and Cream of Tartar If you're looking to make an edible playdough with easy to find ingredients, check out these two recipes. What You'll Need: Flour Water Cream of Tartar Vegetable Oil Food Coloring The Best Homemade Playdough Recipe from Tinkerlab Why We Love It: The link above shows the full recipe, and also has a link to a great no-cook playdough recipe in the post. This recipe makes a soft, long lasting playdough and is super easy to follow. A Simple All-Natural Homemade Playdough Recipe from DIY Natural Why We Love It: This recipe is all-natural, and can be made with or without cream of tartar. It's one of the more inexpensive recipes, and should last for several months with proper storage. Flour-FreePlaydough Recipes For playdough with no flour, try one of these easy recipes. What You'll Need Cornstarch Baking Soda Water Oil Food Coloring Allergy-Free Play Dough Recipes from the American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology Why We Love It: Since wheat allergies are a growing issue amongst kids and adults, the American Academy of Asthma and Immunology put together these fun and helpful recipes for playdough that is both flour-free and edible! How to Make Playdough Without Flour so You Can Avoid Any All Playtime Risks from Romper Why We Love It: This Romper post offers a few recipes for flour-free kids, including a super creative one on how to turn Peeps into playdough. They're fun and creative and allergy-safe. Cream of Tartar-Free Recipes These recipes for how to make playdough are the easiest around, requiring no specialty ingredients and little to no cooking. What You'll Need Flour Salt Water Oil Food coloring How to Make Natural Play Dough Without Cream of Tartar from livesimply Why We Love It: Not only is this recipe cream of tartar-free, but it is definitely one of the quickest recipes on our list, and can be made with items you probably already have at home. It's also (technically) edible, so safe for curious kids. How To Make Playdough Recipe Without Cream of Tartar from Stay at Home Educator Why We Love It: This recipe is no cook, which means that you get to dive right in and mix it up with your hands. It's soothing to make and fun to play with when finished! 6 Tips for Making Great Playdough Whichever recipe you choose- or maybe you'll try them all- making playdough is a blast. Here are some tips to make sure you get the most out of your homemade playdough. Use gel food coloring. It'll help the playdough stay stain-free throughout continued use. Make sure to always store your playdough in an airtight container. You can usually substitute other flours, like almond and coconut, to make wheat-free playdough, if you find that a recipe with flour works best for you but still need it to be wheat-free. Playdough should be cheap and easy to make (which is part of the fun!) so don't get caught up in complicated recipes or expensive ingredients. When picking a recipe, make sure to check how much playdough it makes. You may have to double or triple the recipe to have enough playdough for multiple kids or more than one color. Most recipes allow you to mix in scents too! Playdough is all about having fun, and making it can be just as exciting as playing with it. It's a great rainy day activity for kids, or fun way for adults to make their own scented stress ball. Unlike playdough itself, making it and playing with it never gets old. What's Next? Love making playdough? It's time for slime! Check out our favorite slime recipes. Educational activities should be fun, too. Luckily, we have 37 kid-friendly science experiments to choose from, and ideas for pipe-cleaner crafts. And if you're headed outside, learn about the types of clouds!

Approaches to Standard Setting in Accounting Essay

Approaches to Standard Setting in Accounting - Essay Example The body also cited the reasons at which it was setting these accounting settings and some of them included; to give users of accounting information about their financial situation, their financial performance, and the financial conduct of a firm (LeRoy, 2007). Another reason was to assist public accountants with steps to enable them perform their work with care in offering their services in the accounting market. These standards were set so that all financial statements were consistent and had the ability to describe their financial performance. These accounting standards can also be known as Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), they are generally accepted because there is an authoritative accounting body that set them and the body oversees the implementation of these standards. Without these standards the consumers of financial statements would need to learn accounting rules of different firms, this would be a difficult task for multi investors to compare these financia l statement accounting rules. Some of the bodies that regulate these accounting standards are the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). This body was formed to establish these accounting standards for the public traded firms. ... Then the financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) was created after the wheat committee suggested the replacement of the GAAP board with new standards. After the dissolving the FASB board a new board International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) was formed in 1973. This board was created to encourage a worldwide implementation of the accounting standards. This board was succeeded by a private sector body that was structured in a similar way as FASB (Sharpe, 1982). The accounting standards and regulations are very important. This is because they regulate accounting assumptions and methods. They also enable us to have consistency in the methods that are used to organize company’s financial statements. Although there are differences within these regulations, reliable conclusions can be deduced when comparing firms’ financial data for specific industries. If there were no accounting standards then the people who use financial statements like investors, banks and ot her institutions would require learning these accounting rules in a different manner for each firm. The accounting standards instill relevance to day to day accounting procedures and processes; this results into better financial performance from firms and represents faithfulness and accuracy (Sharpe, 1982). These standards ensure that neutral information is used hence eliminating the possibility of biasness in the financial statements. They give relevant information by enabling investors to know their specific points of investments to make. They save a lot of time since they give or point out clarity in the financial statements. The growth of financial transactions is making the compliance with accounting standards become an issue which require addressing immediately

An arguement for the use of Natural Gas as a replacement for Fossil Essay

An arguement for the use of Natural Gas as a replacement for Fossil Fuels - Essay Example One of the reasons why natural gas should replace fossil fuels is that the former is relatively cheaper. In fact, according to a report by OilPrice.com, the cost of oil today is over $14 to get a million BTU [or British Thermal Unit]†¦but only $2.30 if you were willing to use natural gas as an alternative† (Hamilton, 2012). That means savings of $11.70 per million BTU, which translates to an astronomical value in reality. Although petroleum once had the same cost as crude oil, from 1997 to 2007, the trend has now changed in favor of the former (Hamilton, 2012). The cheap cost of natural gas is attributed to the fact that America produces â€Å"three billion more cubic feet [or 85M cubic meters] of natural gas a day out of the ground than it can consume† (â€Å"Natural Gas Difference Engine,† 2012). Moreover, when compared to coal, it would cost 12 cents or more per kilowatt-hour to produce electricity from dirty coal compared to 6 cents only from clean natura l gas (â€Å"Natural Gas Difference Engine,† 2012). ... Without responsible stewardship, one would not seek ways to use the most efficient means of producing electricity and just be content with what is expensive. Another reason why natural gas should replace fossil fuels is that the former is cleaner compared to the latter. According to a report in the New York Times concerning energy sources, natural gas has become more popular as a major international commodity because â€Å"it burns cleaner than oil and coal and produces less greenhouse gases† (Krauss, 2012). These greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, unburned hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides. Moreover, natural gas does not leave any carbon deposits in the engine, thus reducing the natural wear of the engine and so there are fewer oil changes (â€Å"Natural Gas Difference Engine,† 2012). Natural gas is actually only methane, or CH4, which is merely a one-carbon compound with four hydrocarbons, thus it is relatively less harmful than chemicals with long carbon chains. Besides, the use of natural gas would hypothetically reduce â€Å"sulfur dioxide emissions by 55% and mercury emissions by 30% and greenhouse gas emissions by 15%† because natural gas emits virtually no sulfur dioxide and mercury, and only 22% less greenhouse gases compared to diesel (â€Å"Environmental Benefits,† 2012). In fact, natural gas is 28% cleaner than petroleum and 40%-100% cleaner than coal (Stevens, 2012). Another reason for the proposal that the United States should replace fossil fuels with natural gas is the added benefit of boosting the country’s economy especially if the United States sells natural gas to other countries. Several energy companies in the country announced the

Presentation on Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Reflection

Presentation on Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Reflection INTRODUCTION As a part of my Overseas Nursing Programme, I had to conduct a seminar presentation on any topic of my interest in front of students. I was given the date of presentation. Knowledge expands through communication and presentation is a means of communication and best applicable when delivering knowledge to a group. Presentation means A speech or talk in which a new product, idea, or piece of work is shown and explained to an audience (Oxford dictionaries. 2014). The aim of any presentation is to motivate, to communicate, to persuade to inform, to teach or to help you express your ideas and get others to understand it(Bradbury, 2007). The content of your presentation have its own aim or purpose, normally its related to the outcomes you desire from the presentations communication. Before presenting ensure that you understand what your task is and the time available (Bradbury, 2007). During the presentation the speaker may use various aids of communication such as the audio visual aids li ke power point, graphs, various recordings. diagrams, flowcharts or models (Theobald, 2013). Reflective practices enables the health professional to bridge that gap between the theory and practice. Reflective practice is a process by which you stop and think about your practice, consciously analyse your decision making and draw on theory and relate it to what you do in practice (Jasper, 2003). Therefore I chose Gibbs model of reflection (1988) to reflect on my presentation. Gibbs model of reflection include six different steps which are Description, Feeling, Evaluation, Analysis, Conclusion and Action Plan (Gibbs, 1988). DESCRIPTION As a part of our Overseas Nursing Programme, we had to conduct a seminar presentation in the class in front of our batch mates. Presentation is a means of communication which can be used at various situations including a formal meeting, talk in a group or team briefing. (SkillsYouNeed (2014)). Seminar is a group meeting in which there is information or training given on a topic. Thus a seminar presentation is a method of communicating information on a topic. Selecting the topic was the toughest part. With the short time of presentation and considering the effective delivery of information, the topic of presentation had to be brief and simple. I chose Urinary Tract Infection as my topic of presentation as it was one of the most common condition seen in my area of practice. I did an extensive literature review for the topic to obtain wide data for my presentation. Aliterature review is the data obtained from scholarly paper, which consists of the most recent information including essential findings as well as methodological and theoretical contribution to a specific topic of interest (Baker, 2000). In my presentation, I included a brief description of UTI and stated that it is a type of infection which involves various parts of the urinary tract which includes the urethra, the bladder, the ureters and the kidneys (Amdekar, Singh and Singh, 2011). Urinary tract infections occur more commonly in women than men. Its estimated half of all wome n in the UK will have a UTI at least once in their life (Colgan and Williams, 2011). UTI diagnosis can be done via urine dip test and urine culture. Antibiotic treatment is necessary to clear the infection. Prevention being better than cure, good fluid intake and good personal hygiene can help reduce chances of getting urinary tract infection (Juthani-Mehta, et al. 2009). I also included in the content, how their behaviour was affected by this condition. I combined those with the practice and guidelines followed in the diagnosis and treatment in the UK and prepared the slides. I used power point technology to perform my presentation using texts, pictures and graphs. I used simple language and included only the main points. As the group for which the seminar was aimed at was educated in medical field and knew almost as much as I knew regarding the topic, discussion method was used. FEELING Initially, I was a bit anxious and nervous as I had to present in front of a gathering. Stage fright was bit of a concern. But regardless of that, I was able to present my topic well as there was a positive environment to support me. Great reflection also results from the positive environment offered to the presenter (Brookfield,1995). I felt more and more confident as the discussion started and I was able to answer all the doubts. My assessor also helped me. At the end of the seminar I felt satisfied with my work and happy that I was able to complete the task given to me. EVALUATION Even though with all the hassles, I was able to provide a brief description of the topic. It covered most of the areas and provided a clear picture regarding Urinary Tract Infection to the people gathered. Interactive secessions were carried out providing group involvement thus making the secession interesting. The various queries were dealt with proper explanation providing the accurate knowledge. ANALYSIS I got positive feedback from my assessor. By conducting the presentation, I was able to offer a brief description about the Urinary Tract Infection, its definition, occurrence, epidemiology, types, pathophysiology, its symptoms and management. I got good support from my assessor and audience who prompted me to do the presentation well. They were able to acquire knowledge regarding UTI and for some it offered a boost to their knowledge. CONCLUSION This presentation offered me an opportunity to develop my talent and skills in presentation. The group was able to understand and comprehend the information offered to them. Experiences were shared which brought in new information and made the discussion and thus the seminar more interesting. The assessors offered a positive feedback for my presentation. This experience helped me overcome my fears and gave me confidence to perform more presentation in my work place or future carrier pathway. ACTION PLAN After performing the reflective presentation, I came up with the following action plan. Firstly Expand my knowledge regarding various presentation methods and new trends in nursing. I will attend training and perform self motivated studies to update my knowledge regarding Urinary Tract Infection and its latest managements. Practice the information acquired for the safe management of UTI in my place of work. I will also do similar presentations in my area of work to expand the knowledge to my co workers and boost my skills in presentations as well. REFERENCE Amdekar, S; Singh, V, Singh, DD (2011). Probiotic therapy: immunomodulating approach toward urinary tract infection..Current microbiology63(5): 484–90. Atkins, S. and Murphy, K. (1994).Reflective Practice, Nursing Standards, 8(39)49-56 Baker, P. (2000). Writing a Literature Review.The Marketing Review1(2) 219-47. Bradbury, A (2007) Successful Presentation Skills. 3rd Edition, MPG Books Ltd; 4:60-68 Brookfield, S (1995), Developing critical thinkers: challenging adults to explore alternative ways of thinking and acting. Milton Keynes: Open University Press Colgan, R and Williams, M (2011). Diagnosis and treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis.† Family physician84(7): 771–6. Gibbs G (1988), Learning by doing: A guide to teaching and learning methods,5:30-40 Jasper, M (2003) Beginning Reflective Practices, Foundation in nursing and health care. Nelson Thornes Publishers, 1-6 Johns, C. and Grahanm, J. (1996). Using a Reflective Model of Nursing and Guided Reflection, Nursing Standards 11(2) 34-38 Juthani-Mehta M, et al. (2009). Clinical features to identify urinary tract infections in nursing home residents: a Cohort study.J Am Geriatr Soc;57:963–970. NHS CHOICES. (2014) Urinary Tract Infection in Adults [Online] July 2014. Available from: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Urinary-tract-infection-adults/Pages/Introduction.aspx . [ Accessed : 22 july 2014] Oxford dictionaries. 2014 Definition of presentation. Avaliable from: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/presentation.html. (Accessed on 19/08/14) Theobald, T (2013) Develop Your Presentation Skills 2nd Edition, Kogan Page Publishers, 161-168. SKILLS YOU NEED. (2014) Presentation Skills [Online] 2014 Available from : http://www.skillsyouneed.com/present/what-is-a-presentation.html . [ Accessed : 22 july 2014] Smyth J (1989): Developing and sustaining critical reflection in teacher education. Journal of Teacher Education 40(2)2-9

Mastery and Mystery in Kafka and Borges

Kafka’s The Great Wall of China and Borges’ The Library of Babel define infinity through the imagery of an infinite and absolute universe. Both works investigate into the polar relationship between the eternal and omnipotent cosmos (i.e. the Library in Borges and the Great Wall in Kafka) and the finite and imperfect individual (that is, the librarian in Borges and the wall builder in Kafka). Both authors see the universe as an â€Å"infinitely expanding turbulent stream† (Emrich, 38); a domain which is anything but calculable, let alone intelligible.The infinite universe is a glaring paradox as well. It creates and destroys, liberate and restraint. In the words of David Krenz, infinity as manifested in the eternal cosmos â€Å"acts as both a fault which ‘confounds’ all metaphors which seek mastery—one source of those indeterminacies which prove so problematic—as well as a force which is potentially salvific.† Indeed, the universe ’s duplicitous orientation is both boon and bane. It houses all-meanings and no-meanings; all-truths and no-truths. It functions as an all-god and no-god. It is totalitarian (considering the extinction of the individual); and yet in that it seeks to provide a room and definition for all codes, it is a democratic entity.The labyrinthine universe (or the universal labyrinth) is aptly illustrated in Borges essay, The Total Library. Using principles akin to that in the Library of Babel, he writes of how the universe signifies the totality of beings— the absolute and consummate, one can even say the logos which fortunately or unfortunately, is entirely inaccessible: â€Å"†¦ but for every sensible line and or accurate fact there would be millions of meaningless cacophonies, verbal farragoes and babblings. † (216). The elusiveness of the Word manifests â€Å"the semiotic slippage which occurs between the sign and that which it represents† (Krenz). The resu lt is a fluidity of values and the dissolution of linguistic and ontological boundaries and binaries.Hence, Borges Library of Babel is never a mechanism of institutionalization and codification. Being otherwise would weaken the universe/ library—that is, it would become finite, exhaustible, subject to the librarian’s comprehension and control. As the librarian-narrator puts it, he who has come across â€Å"the formula and perfect compendium† of the Library is a â€Å"Man of the Book†, â€Å"analogous to a god†.   The Library is an impregnable mystery which thrives (or prey?) on the librarian’s perplexity: â€Å"For four centuries now men have exhausted the hexagons†¦.Obviously no one expects to discover anything.† Borges reiterates the point when he writes of the librarians’ futile search for the â€Å"Vindication†, a source of â€Å"apology and prophecy†, in other words, justification, what could have been an antidote to their disembodiment: â€Å"†¦ the searchers did not remember that the possibility of a man’s finding his Vindication, or some treacherous variation thereof, can be computed as zero.† â€Å"The absence of a â€Å"catalogue of catalogues†, a â€Å"general theory of the Library† makes the Library a virtual Babel, the site of linguistic and intellectual contestation and creation, of pandemonium.Codes are never deciphered for to begin with, they do not exist. Seeming unique configurations of meanings are nothing but imitations, while imitations turn out to be diverse and entirely different versions of the originals (or more appropriately, pseudo and quasi-originals, that is,   if such exist). â€Å"The thinker observed that all the books, no matter how diverse they might be, are made up of the same elements: the space, the period, the comma, and the twenty-two letters of the alphabet† and yet, Borges is quick to remind, â€Å"th ere are no two identical books†.But Babel equals power, immensity and inexhaustibility. It is a â€Å"delirious god† with a schizophrenic nature: it â€Å"not only denounces the disorder but exemplify it as well.† Babel allows for the free play of codes or â€Å"catalogues†. It spells the perpetual arrangement, re-arrangement, disarrangement; interpretation, re-interpretation, misinterpretation; delineation and obliteration of meanings—what to the tragically curious and insatiable librarian is no less than a vicious cycle of symbols’ birth, death, resurrection and reincarnation: â€Å"thousands and thousands of false catalogues, the demonstration of the fallacy of those catalogues, the demonstration of the fallacy of the true catalogues†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Ad infinitum.The effect is a prevailing atmosphere of incompleteness: â€Å"The light (the lamps) emit is insufficient, incessant† another manifestation of the Library’s inaccessi bility and inconceivability. Thus, the individual, perpetually searching but never finding, is a premature organism. The yawning gap between the â€Å"delirious divinity† and the mortal pawn (who is delirious just the same) is highlighted: â€Å"Man, the imperfect librarian, may be the product of chance and malevolent demiurgi; the universe, with its elegant endowment of shelves, of enigmatical volumes, of inexhaustible stairways for the traveler and the latrine for the seated librarian can only be the work of a god.† Borges could have said â€Å"gods†.Critic Wilhelm Emrich writes: â€Å"†¦when life opens up all of its sluices†¦ and the whole of existence comes into view undisguised, no protective order whatever, no determining ‘law’ can be recognized any longer. Hence man can no longer ‘live’†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (38). The librarian’s inability to exist consummately in the face of infinity reduces him to a fluid, nearly imag inary entity. His individuality, his last resort for a unique and concrete configuration of meanings (that is, the meaning of his existence) is gobbled up by the universal black hole of memory, mind and being.Apparently the death (physical and intellectual) of a librarian hardly makes a dent in the invincible mystery, which remains and will remain, unknown and unknowable, everything and nothing: â€Å"The certitude that everything has been written negates us or turns us into phantoms†¦.   but the Library will endure: illuminated, solitary, infinite, perfectly motionless, equipped with precious volumes, useless, incorruptible, secret.†The immortality of the Library and the mortality of the librarian coincides with immensity of the collective (and manifestations of collective effort) and the infinitesimal nature of the individual in Kafka’s Great Wall. Here the collective refers not so much to the mob per se, the individual in no better disguise, the empirical qua lity of which makes it subject to the natural cycle of demise and change. The collective in Kafka is the summation of essences permanent, the universe, particularly the Chinese cosmos. As with the infinite Library of Borges, the cosmos/ collective in Kafka defies and dictates physical and metaphysical time and space.The collective/ cosmos is empirically and metaphysically manifested by the empire (â€Å"immortal while the individual emperor falls and collapses†) and the Great Wall the immensity of which is a badge of power tantamount to infinity. Observes the narrator-builder: â€Å"The land is so huge, it would not permit (the nomads) to reach us. They would lose themselves in empty air.† The protection provided by the Great Wall is also metaphorical. Its function as political and moral center; what even at the beginning is seen as an assured confirmation of the endurance of the race, makes it a stable and unifying code for all-people (that is, the Chinese from time i mmemorial to the unimaginable and impossible end).This protective barrier is no different to what Emrich sees as the â€Å"customary existence†, the figurative footing outside which lies the â€Å"the conflicting powers that are open to countless interpretations†¦ that continuously ‘correct’ each other† (38). Outside the Great Wall lurks the Enemy— chaos and barbarity which in Kafkaesque terms translate to â€Å"the lawlessness of the human world†¦ the deterioration of values† (39).The assertion, though, is not without trapdoors. In qualifying the Great Wall as a symbol of the Chinese master code, a â€Å"dis-order† (Emrich, 39), (illusory but a code nonetheless) defeats its immunity, not to mention its infinity. A political and cultural parameter responsible for the delineation of spatial and metaphysical boundaries, to the Chinese, the Great Wall is imperial omnipotence in brick and mortar. Its construction is the beginning of â€Å"true† history, the birth of a â€Å"real† people. The Wall provides the palette for the re-creation and correcting of past values: â€Å"†¦and everything else was recognized only to the extent that it had some relationship (to masonry).† The narrator-builder adds how knowledge attained before the construction of the wall suddenly becomes anachronistic and useless.In this sense, what redeems the Wall from deteriorating into a false god is that it paves the way for the creation of a permanent collective, a people whose unity spans time and the absolute. What is infinite in the Wall is perhaps not so much the structure (which will inevitably succumb to decay) but the spirit, the inexhaustible faith infused in it. The builders â€Å"had a sense of themselves as part of the wall.† The impatience and hopelessness brought about by the Herculean task is more than enough to dampen the builder’s drive, making lose â€Å"faith in themselves, i n the building and in the world.†In all respects the Great Wall looks forward to the future. Its consummation is meant to be witnessed by those to come. Yet as the narrator-builder emphasizes, the continuum of brotherhood is eternal: â€Å"Unity! †¦blood no longer confined in the limited circulation of the body but rolling sweetly and yet still returning through the infinite extent of China.†The values enclosed within the (Chinese) universe represented by the Wall is far from stagnant and clear-cut, though. Kafka uses the imagery of the â€Å"leadership† to portray the perpetual motion of signs and values. In this reservoir of meanings, the individual as signified by the singular identity of the leaders is obliterated (hence, the pluralistic connotation of the word leadership). Says the narrator-builder:†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦where it was or who sat there no one I asked knows or knew— in this office I imagine that all human thoughts and wishes revolve in a cir cle, and all human aims and fulfillments in a circle going in opposite direction.† Quite understandably, the leadership defies history and time: it â€Å"existed even earlier.†Divine, the leadership is inaccessible to the finite mind. As the narrator puts it, â€Å"Try with all your powers to understand the orders of the leadership, but only up to a certain limit—then stop thinking about them.† So powerful is the â€Å"leadership† that even the Emperor is stripped of his regality and reduced to his frail and transient self when compared with it. The builders are masters of their own â€Å"truth†: â€Å"†¦the admirable innocent emperor believed he had given orders for (the Wall). We who are builders of the Wall knew otherwise and are silent.†Works CitedBorges, Jorge Luis. â€Å"The Total Library.† Selected non-fiction. Ed. Eliot Weinberger.Trans. Esther Allen et al. New York: Penguin Books, 1999. 214-216.The Library of Babel . 8 December 2007..Emrich, William. Franz Kafka: a critical study of his writings. New York: Frederick UngarPublishing, 1968.Kafka, Franz. The Great Wall of China. Trans. Ian Johnston. 23 March 2006. Johnstonia. 8December 2007. .Krenz, David Christoph. Metaphors for/in infinity: The parables of Kafka, Borges and Calvino.  (Abstract). Milwaukee: University of Wisconsin Press, 1992.